योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-6, chapter-121, verse-4

इदं ममाहमस्येति व्यवहारघनभ्रमम् ।
ये मोहात्परिसेवन्ते अधस्ताद्यान्त्यधः शठाः ॥ ४ ॥

idaṃ mamāhamasyeti vyavahāraghanabhramam ,
ye mohātparisevante adhastādyāntyadhaḥ śaṭhāḥ 4

4. idam mama aham asya iti vyavahāra-ghana-bhramam
ye mohāt parisevante adhastāt yānti adhaḥ śaṭhāḥ

4. ye śaṭhāḥ mohāt idam mama aham asya iti
vyavahāraghanabhramam parisevante adhastāt adhaḥ yānti

4. Those deceitful persons (śaṭha), who out of delusion (moha) adhere to this dense misconception (bhrama) of mundane activity (vyavahāra) – thinking "this is mine, I belong to this" – they sink lower and lower.

Words meanings summery:

• इदम् (idam) - this, here

• मम (mama) - my, mine, of me

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अस्य (asya) - of this, his

• इति (iti) - marks the end of a quote or thought (thus, in this manner, 'so called')

• व्यवहार-घन-भ्रमम् (vyavahāra-ghana-bhramam) - a dense delusion of conduct/activity

• ये (ye) - who, those who

• मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, out of ignorance

• परिसेवन्ते (parisevante) - they indulge in, they resort to, they serve completely

• अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - downwards, from below, to a lower state

• यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they proceed, they attain

• अधः (adhaḥ) - below, downwards, lower

• शठाः (śaṭhāḥ) - rogues, deceitful persons, crooked ones

Words meanings and morphology

इदम् (idam) - this, here

(pronoun)

neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here, the present

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Predicate nominative to implied 'asti' (is).

मम (mama) - my, mine, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Personal pronoun, 1st person.

Note: Indicates possession.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

Personal pronoun, 1st person.

Note: Subject of the clause 'I am of this'.

अस्य (asya) - of this, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine/neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Indicates belonging/relation.

इति (iti) - marks the end of a quote or thought (thus, in this manner, 'so called')

(indeclinable)

Particle used to introduce or conclude a quotation, thought, or explanation.

व्यवहार-घन-भ्रमम् (vyavahāra-ghana-bhramam) - a dense delusion of conduct/activity

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vyavahāraghanabhrama

vyavahāraghanabhrama - dense delusion concerning worldly activity or conduct

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vyavahāra+ghana+bhrama)

• vyavahāra – dealings, conduct, practice, worldly activity
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: vi+ava
  Root: hṛ (class 1)
• ghana – dense, thick, intense, profound
  adjective (masculine/neuter)
• bhrama – delusion, error, confusion, wandering
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhram (class 1)

Note: The object of the verb parisevante.

ये (ye) - who, those who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of yad

yad - which, what, who, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Subject of the relative clause, refers to śaṭhāḥ.

मोहात् (mohāt) - from delusion, out of ignorance

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of moha

moha - delusion, confusion, ignorance, bewilderment

From root muh (to be bewildered).

Root: muh (class 4)

परिसेवन्ते (parisevante) - they indulge in, they resort to, they serve completely

(verb)

3rd person , plural, middle, present (laṭ) of parisev

Present Tense, Middle Voice

From prefix pari + root sev (to serve), 3rd person plural, present indicative.

Prefix: pari

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: Verb for ye śaṭhāḥ.

अधस्तात् (adhastāt) - downwards, from below, to a lower state

(indeclinable)

From adhas (below) + tāt (ablative suffix).

यान्ति (yānti) - they go, they proceed, they attain

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of yā

Present Tense, Active Voice

From root yā (to go), 3rd person plural, present indicative.

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Subject is ye śaṭhāḥ.

अधः (adhaḥ) - below, downwards, lower

(indeclinable)

Note: Reinforces adhastāt.

शठाः (śaṭhāḥ) - rogues, deceitful persons, crooked ones

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of śaṭha

śaṭha - rogue, dishonest, cunning, deceitful, crooked

Root: śaṭh (class 1)

Note: Predicate noun for ye.