योगवासिष्ठः yogavāsiṣṭhaḥ - book-4, chapter-9, verse-2

अथ कालेन महता पवनातपजर्जरः ।
कायस्तस्य पपातोर्व्यां छिन्नमूल इव द्रुमः ॥ २ ॥

atha kālena mahatā pavanātapajarjaraḥ ,
kāyastasya papātorvyāṃ chinnamūla iva drumaḥ 2

2. atha kālena mahatā pavanātapa-jarjaraḥ kāyaḥ
tasya papāta urvyām chinnamūlaḥ iva drumaḥ

2. atha mahatā kālena,
pavanātapa-jarjaraḥ tasya kāyaḥ chinnamūlaḥ drumaḥ iva urvyām papāta.

2. Then, after a considerable period, his body, wasted away by wind and sun, fell to the earth like a tree whose roots have been severed.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - Indicates sequence in the narrative. (then, next, now)

• कालेन (kālena) - After a long passage of time. (by time, after time)

• महता (mahatā) - By a considerable amount of time. (great, large, considerable (by a great/large/considerable))

• पवनातप-जर्जरः (pavanātapa-jarjaraḥ) - His body being wasted away by wind and sun. (worn out by wind and sun, decrepit due to elements)

• कायः (kāyaḥ) - Shukra's physical body. (body)

• तस्य (tasya) - Of Shukra. (of him, his)

• पपात (papāta) - Shukra's body fell. (fell down)

• उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - The body fell to the ground. (on the earth, on the ground)

• छिन्नमूलः (chinnamūlaḥ) - Like a tree whose roots are cut. (with cut roots, uprooted)

• इव (iva) - Used for comparison. (like, as, as if)

• द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - The object of comparison for Shukra's body. (tree)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - Indicates sequence in the narrative. (then, next, now)

(indeclinable)

कालेन (kālena) - After a long passage of time. (by time, after time)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, black, death

Note: Denotes duration or passage of time.

महता (mahatā) - By a considerable amount of time. (great, large, considerable (by a great/large/considerable))

(adjective)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, important

Root: mah

Note: Qualifies 'kālena'.

पवनातप-जर्जरः (pavanātapa-jarjaraḥ) - His body being wasted away by wind and sun. (worn out by wind and sun, decrepit due to elements)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pavanātapa-jarjara

pavanātapa-jarjara - worn out by wind and sun, decrepit, dilapidated

Compound type : tatpurusha (pavana+ātapa+jarjara)

• pavana – wind, air
  noun (masculine)
  Root: pū (class 1)
• ātapa – sunshine, heat, sun
  noun (masculine)
  From prefix 'ā' + root 'tap' (to heat).
  Prefix: ā
  Root: tap (class 1)
• jarjara – worn out, decrepit, shattered
  adjective (masculine)
  Reduplicated root 'jṛ' (to wear out).
  Root: jṛ

Note: Qualifies 'kāyaḥ'.

कायः (kāyaḥ) - Shukra's physical body. (body)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāya

kāya - body, mass, collection

From root 'ci' (to collect) + ghāñ.

Root: ci (class 5)

Note: Subject of 'papāta'.

तस्य (tasya) - Of Shukra. (of him, his)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Possessive, refers to Shukra.

पपात (papāta) - Shukra's body fell. (fell down)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of pat

perfect tense (lit)

root pat, perfect 3rd singular active.

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Predicate verb for 'kāyaḥ'.

उर्व्याम् (urvyām) - The body fell to the ground. (on the earth, on the ground)

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of urvī

urvī - earth, ground, wide, broad

Note: Locative of place.

छिन्नमूलः (chinnamūlaḥ) - Like a tree whose roots are cut. (with cut roots, uprooted)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of chinnamūla

chinnamūla - having cut roots, uprooted, rootless

Compound type : bahuvrihi (chinna+mūla)

• chinna – cut, severed, broken
  participle
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'chid' (to cut).
  Root: chid (class 7)
• mūla – root, origin, basis
  noun (neuter)

Note: Qualifies 'drumaḥ'.

इव (iva) - Used for comparison. (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

द्रुमः (drumaḥ) - The object of comparison for Shukra's body. (tree)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of druma

druma - tree, wood, forest

Root: drum

Note: Subject of comparison with 'kāyaḥ'.