वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-93, verse-1

कस्य चित्त्वथ कालस्य रामे धर्मपथे स्थिते ।
कालस्तापसरूपेण राजद्वारमुपागमत् ॥१॥

1. kasya cittvatha kālasya rāme dharmapathe sthite ,
kālastāpasarūpeṇa rājadvāramupāgamat.

1. kasya cit tu atha kālasya rāme dharmapathe
sthite kālaḥ tāpasarūpeṇa rājadvāram upāgamat

1. atha kasya cit kālasya tu rāme dharmapathe
sthite kālaḥ tāpasarūpeṇa rājadvāram upāgamat

1. Then, after some time, while Rama was established on the path of (natural law) dharma, Time (Kāla) in the guise of an ascetic arrived at the royal gate.

Words meanings summery:

• कस्य (kasya) - of some (time) (of whom, of what)

• चित् (cit) - some (in "after some time") (some, any, even)

• तु (tu) - then (as an emphatic particle) (but, indeed, yet, then)

• अथ (atha) - then (now, then, and, moreover)

• कालस्य (kālasya) - of time (of time, of a period)

• रामे (rāme) - when Rama (in Rama, to Rama, when Rama)

• धर्मपथे (dharmapathe) - on the path of (natural law) dharma (on the path of dharma, on the path of righteousness)

• स्थिते (sthite) - being established (being established, situated, abiding)

• कालः (kālaḥ) - Time (personified) (Time, death, destiny, black)

• तापसरूपेण (tāpasarūpeṇa) - in the guise of an ascetic (in the form of an ascetic, in the guise of a recluse)

• राजद्वारम् (rājadvāram) - the royal gate (royal gate, palace gate)

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - arrived (approached, came near, arrived)

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - of some (time) (of whom, of what)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

चित् (cit) - some (in "after some time") (some, any, even)

(indeclinable)

Particle

तु (tu) - then (as an emphatic particle) (but, indeed, yet, then)

(indeclinable)

Particle

अथ (atha) - then (now, then, and, moreover)

(indeclinable)

Particle

कालस्य (kālasya) - of time (of time, of a period)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, destiny

रामे (rāme) - when Rama (in Rama, to Rama, when Rama)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (proper noun), pleasing, charming

Root: ram

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

धर्मपथे (dharmapathe) - on the path of (natural law) dharma (on the path of dharma, on the path of righteousness)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dharmapatha

dharmapatha - path of dharma, path of righteousness

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (dharma+patha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
  Root: dhṛ
• patha – path, road, way
  noun (masculine)

स्थिते (sthite) - being established (being established, situated, abiding)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sthita

sthita - standing, situated, established, firm

Past Passive Participle

From root sthā

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, qualifies Rama.

कालः (kālaḥ) - Time (personified) (Time, death, destiny, black)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kāla

kāla - time, period, season, destiny, death

Note: Subject of the verb upāgamat.

तापसरूपेण (tāpasarūpeṇa) - in the guise of an ascetic (in the form of an ascetic, in the guise of a recluse)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tāpasarūpa

tāpasarūpa - form/guise of an ascetic

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (tāpasa+rūpa)

• tāpasa – ascetic, recluse, practicing austerities
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from tapas
  Root: tap
• rūpa – form, shape, appearance, guise
  noun (neuter)
  Root: rūp

Note: Indicates the manner in which Time arrived.

राजद्वारम् (rājadvāram) - the royal gate (royal gate, palace gate)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājadvāra

rājadvāra - royal gate, palace entrance

Tatpurusha compound

Compound type : tatpurusha (rājan+dvāra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
  Root: rāj
• dvāra – door, gate, entrance
  noun (neuter)
  Root: dvār

Note: Object of motion for upāgamat.

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - arrived (approached, came near, arrived)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of gam

Imperfect (Laṅ)

Third person singular, active voice. Root gam with prefix upā.

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

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