वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-67, verse-18

एवं ब्रुवति काकुत्स्थे मुनिर्वाक्यमथाब्रवीत् ।
शृणु राम यथावृत्तं पुरा त्रेतायुगे गते ॥१८॥

18. evaṃ bruvati kākutsthe munirvākyamathābravīt ,
śṛṇu rāma yathāvṛttaṃ purā tretāyuge gate.

18. evam bruvati kākutsthe muniḥ vākyam atha abravīt
śṛṇu rāma yathāvṛttam purā tretāyuge gate

18. kākutsthe evam bruvati,
muniḥ atha vākyam abravīt: "rāma,
purā tretāyuge gate,
yathāvṛttam śṛṇu.
"

18. When Kāku-stha (Rāma) spoke thus, the sage (muni) then uttered these words: 'Listen, O Rāma, to what transpired long ago, when the Tretā age (tretāyuga) had passed.'

Words meanings summery:

• एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

• ब्रुवति (bruvati) - while speaking (while speaking, when speaking, to speak)

• काकुत्स्थे (kākutsthe) - to Kāku-stha (referring to Rāma) (in Kāku-stha, regarding Kāku-stha, by Kāku-stha)

• मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (muni) (sage, ascetic, silent one)

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech (word, speech, sentence, statement)

• अथ (atha) - then (then, next, now, moreover)

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he uttered (he said, he spoke, he told)

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! (listen!, hear!)

• राम (rāma) - O Rāma

• यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - what transpired (as it happened, as it occurred, the events as they transpired)

• पुरा (purā) - long ago (formerly, anciently, long ago)

• त्रेतायुगे (tretāyuge) - in the Tretā age (tretāyuga) (in the Tretā age)

• गते (gate) - had passed (gone, passed, elapsed)

Words meanings and morphology

एवम् (evam) - thus (thus, so, in this manner)

(indeclinable)

ब्रुवति (bruvati) - while speaking (while speaking, when speaking, to speak)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of bruvat

bruvat - speaking, telling, uttering

present active participle

from root √brū (to speak) + śatṛ

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: Conveys a simultaneous action.

काकुत्स्थे (kākutsthe) - to Kāku-stha (referring to Rāma) (in Kāku-stha, regarding Kāku-stha, by Kāku-stha)

(proper noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of kākutstha

kākutstha - descendant of Kakutstha, an epithet of Rāma

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kakutstha)

• kakutstha – name of a king, an ancestor of Rāma
  proper noun (masculine)

Note: The locative is used with the present participle to indicate a circumstance (locative absolute).

मुनिः (muniḥ) - the sage (muni) (sage, ascetic, silent one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of muni

muni - sage, ascetic, inspired holy man, silent one

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - words, speech (word, speech, sentence, statement)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, word, sentence, statement, utterance

from vac (to speak) + ṇya (suffix)

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of abravīt.

अथ (atha) - then (then, next, now, moreover)

(indeclinable)

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he uttered (he said, he spoke, he told)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect past (laṅ) of brū

imperfect active

from root √brū (to speak) with augment a-

Root: brū (class 2)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen! (listen!, hear!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

imperative active

from root √śru (to hear)

Root: śru (class 5)

राम (rāma) - O Rāma

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (a prominent deity and protagonist of the Rāmāyaṇa), charming, pleasing

यथावृत्तम् (yathāvṛttam) - what transpired (as it happened, as it occurred, the events as they transpired)

(indeclinable)

from yathā (as) + vṛtta (happened)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+vṛtta)

• yathā – as, like, according to
  indeclinable
• vṛtta – happened, occurred, transpired; an event, a happening
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  from root √vṛt (to be, to happen)
  Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Can be considered an adverbial accusative neuter singular or a full indeclinable compound.

पुरा (purā) - long ago (formerly, anciently, long ago)

(indeclinable)

त्रेतायुगे (tretāyuge) - in the Tretā age (tretāyuga) (in the Tretā age)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tretāyuga

tretāyuga - the Tretā age (the second of the four yugas)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (tretā+yuga)

• tretā – the second of the four yugas, a triplet
  noun (feminine)
• yuga – age, era, period, yoke
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used in a locative absolute construction with gate.

गते (gate) - had passed (gone, passed, elapsed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, passed, arrived at, obtained, reached

Past Passive Participle

from root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Forms a locative absolute construction with tretāyuge.

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