वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-7, chapter-66, verse-13

तस्मिन् सरसि तप्यन्तं तापसं सुमहत्तपः ।
ददर्श राघवः श्रीमांल् लम्बमानमधो मुखम् ॥१३॥

13. tasmin sarasi tapyantaṃ tāpasaṃ sumahattapaḥ ,
dadarśa rāghavaḥ śrīmāṃl lambamānamadho mukham.

13. tasmin sarasi tapyantam tāpasam sumahat tapaḥ
dadarśa rāghavaḥ śrīmān lambamānam adhomukham

13. śrīmān rāghavaḥ tasmin sarasi sumahat tapaḥ
tapyantam adhomukham lambamānam tāpasam dadarśa

13. In that lake, the glorious Rāghava saw an ascetic practicing very severe austerities (tapas), hanging head downwards.

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

• सरसि (sarasi) - in the lake

• तप्यन्तम् (tapyantam) - practicing austerities, performing penance

• तापसम् (tāpasam) - an ascetic, a hermit

• सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very severe

• तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

• राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāghava (a descendant of Raghu, often referring to Rāma)

• श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, fortunate, prosperous

• लम्बमानम् (lambamānam) - hanging, suspended

• अधोमुखम् (adhomukham) - head downwards, face downwards, inverted

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - in that

(pronoun)

Locative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

सरसि (sarasi) - in the lake

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of saras

saras - lake, pond, pool, water

तप्यन्तम् (tapyantam) - practicing austerities, performing penance

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tapyant

tap - to heat, to suffer, to practice austerity

Present Middle Participle

From root 'tap'. Present middle participle (atmanepada) indicating an action performed for oneself or a state of undergoing something.

Root: tap (class 1)

तापसम् (tāpasam) - an ascetic, a hermit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tāpasa

tāpasa - ascetic, hermit, one who practices austerities (tapas)

Derived from 'tapas' (austerity).

सुमहत् (sumahat) - very great, very severe

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sumahat

sumahat - very great, very large, mighty, excellent

Compound of 'su' (very, intensely) and 'mahat' (great).

तपः (tapaḥ) - austerity, penance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - austerity, penance, religious mortification, heat

From root 'tap' (to heat, to suffer).

Root: tap (class 1)

ददर्श (dadarśa) - saw, beheld

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, Perfect (liṭ) of dṛś

Perfect

Root 'dṛś'. Perfect 3rd singular active form.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

राघवः (rāghavaḥ) - Rāghava (a descendant of Raghu, often referring to Rāma)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāghava

rāghava - descendant of Raghu, a name for Lord Rāma or a prince of the Raghu dynasty

Patronymic from 'Raghu'.

श्रीमान् (śrīmān) - glorious, fortunate, prosperous

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śrīmat

śrīmat - glorious, prosperous, fortunate, beautiful, possessing 'śrī' (wealth, prosperity, beauty)

From 'śrī' (glory, prosperity) with the 'matup' suffix (possessing).

लम्बमानम् (lambamānam) - hanging, suspended

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of lambamāna

lamb - to hang, to fall, to depend

Present Middle Participle

From root 'lamb'. Present middle participle (atmanepada).

Root: lamb (class 1)

अधोमुखम् (adhomukham) - head downwards, face downwards, inverted

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adhomukha

adhomukha - face downwards, head downwards, inverted

Bahuvrīhi compound of 'adhas' (downwards) and 'mukha' (face).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (adhas+mukha)

• adhas – down, below, downwards
  indeclinable
• mukha – face, mouth, front
  noun (neuter)