वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-50, verse-7

अथासीनस्य पर्यङ्के कुम्भकर्णो महाबलः ।
भ्रातुर्ववन्दे चरणां किं कृत्यमिति चाब्रवीत् ।
उत्पत्य चैनं मुदितो रावणः परिषस्वजे ॥७॥

7. athāsīnasya paryaṅke kumbhakarṇo mahābalaḥ ,
bhrāturvavande caraṇāṃ kiṃ kṛtyamiti cābravīt ,
utpatya cainaṃ mudito rāvaṇaḥ pariṣasvaje.

7. atha āsīnasya paryaṅke kumbhakarṇaḥ
mahābalaḥ bhrātuḥ vavande caraṇām
kim kṛtyam iti ca abravīt utpatya
ca enam muditaḥ rāvaṇaḥ pariṣasvaje

7. kumbhakarṇaḥ mahābalaḥ atha āsīnasya
bhrātuḥ paryaṅke caraṇām vavande
ca kim kṛtyam iti abravīt ca
muditaḥ rāvaṇaḥ enam utpatya pariṣasvaje

7. Then, as [Rāvaṇa] sat on his couch, the mighty Kumbhakarṇa bowed at his brother's feet and asked, 'What is to be done?' Delighted, Rāvaṇa rose and embraced him.

Words meanings summery:

• अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, thereupon)

• आसीनस्य (āsīnasya) - of [Rāvaṇa], who was seated (of the seated one)

• पर्यङ्के (paryaṅke) - on his couch (Rāvaṇa's couch) (on the couch/bed)

• कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarṇa, Rāvaṇa's brother (Kumbhakarṇa)

• महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - the mighty one (Kumbhakarṇa) (mighty, very strong)

• भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of his brother (Rāvaṇa) (of the brother)

• ववन्दे (vavande) - Kumbhakarṇa saluted (he saluted, he worshipped)

• चरणाम् (caraṇām) - the feet (of his brother Rāvaṇa) (feet)

• किम् (kim) - what (what?)

• कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty to be done, what should be done (to be done, duty, action)

• इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the quote) (thus, so, indicates direct speech)

• च (ca) - and

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he (Kumbhakarṇa) said (he said, he spoke)

• उत्पत्य (utpatya) - Rāvaṇa having risen (from his couch) (having jumped up, having risen)

• च (ca) - and

• एनम् (enam) - him (Kumbhakarṇa) (him, this one)

• मुदितः (muditaḥ) - delighted (Rāvaṇa) (delighted, joyful, pleased)

• रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, Kumbhakarṇa's brother and the king (Rāvaṇa)

• परिषस्वजे (pariṣasvaje) - Rāvaṇa embraced (Kumbhakarṇa) (he embraced)

Words meanings and morphology

अथ (atha) - then (indicating sequence) (then, now, thereupon)

(indeclinable)

आसीनस्य (āsīnasya) - of [Rāvaṇa], who was seated (of the seated one)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of āsīna

āsīna - seated, sitting, resting

Past Active Participle

Derived from root ās (to sit) with śānac suffix.

Root: ās (class 2)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa implicitly.

पर्यङ्के (paryaṅke) - on his couch (Rāvaṇa's couch) (on the couch/bed)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of paryaṅka

paryaṅka - couch, bed, sofa, divan

कुम्भकर्णः (kumbhakarṇaḥ) - Kumbhakarṇa, Rāvaṇa's brother (Kumbhakarṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kumbhakarṇa

kumbhakarṇa - Kumbhakarṇa (name of Rāvaṇa's brother)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kumbha+karṇa)

• kumbha – pot, jar
  noun (masculine)
• karṇa – ear
  noun (masculine)

Note: Subject of vavande and abravīt.

महाबलः (mahābalaḥ) - the mighty one (Kumbhakarṇa) (mighty, very strong)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahābala

mahābala - mighty, very strong, of great strength

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahā+bala)

• mahā – great, large, enormous
  adjective
  Combining form of mahat.
• bala – strength, power, might
  noun (neuter)

Note: Adjective for Kumbhakarṇa.

भ्रातुः (bhrātuḥ) - of his brother (Rāvaṇa) (of the brother)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

Note: Possessive, referring to Rāvaṇa.

ववन्दे (vavande) - Kumbhakarṇa saluted (he saluted, he worshipped)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of vand

perfect tense, ātmanepada

Reduplicated perfect form.

Root: vand (class 1)

Note: The subject is Kumbhakarṇa.

चरणाम् (caraṇām) - the feet (of his brother Rāvaṇa) (feet)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of caraṇa

caraṇa - foot, feet

Note: Object of vavande.

किम् (kim) - what (what?)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Interrogative pronoun.

Note: Subject of implied 'is' with kṛtyam.

कृत्यम् (kṛtyam) - duty to be done, what should be done (to be done, duty, action)

(gerundive)

Note: Implies 'what is to be done?'

इति (iti) - thus (marking the end of the quote) (thus, so, indicates direct speech)

(indeclinable)

Note: Follows quoted speech.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects vavande and abravīt.

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he (Kumbhakarṇa) said (he said, he spoke)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (laṅ) of brū

imperfect tense, parasmaipada

From root brū (to speak, 2nd class). Augment 'a-' indicates past tense.

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: The subject is Kumbhakarṇa.

उत्पत्य (utpatya) - Rāvaṇa having risen (from his couch) (having jumped up, having risen)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root pat (to fall/fly) with ut prefix and lyap suffix.

Prefix: ut

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Action performed by Rāvaṇa.

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

Note: Connects utpatya and pariṣasvaje.

एनम् (enam) - him (Kumbhakarṇa) (him, this one)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of etad

etad - this, that, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Object of pariṣasvaje.

मुदितः (muditaḥ) - delighted (Rāvaṇa) (delighted, joyful, pleased)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mudita

mudita - delighted, glad, joyful, happy

Past Passive Participle

From root mud (to rejoice) with kta suffix. Often used actively.

Root: mud (class 1)

Note: Adjective for Rāvaṇa.

रावणः (rāvaṇaḥ) - Rāvaṇa, Kumbhakarṇa's brother and the king (Rāvaṇa)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Rāvaṇa (name of the Rākṣasa king of Lankā)

Root: ru (class 2)

Note: Subject of pariṣasvaje.

परिषस्वजे (pariṣasvaje) - Rāvaṇa embraced (Kumbhakarṇa) (he embraced)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, perfect (liṭ) of svaj

perfect tense, ātmanepada

From root svaj (to embrace, 1st class) with prefix pari. Reduplicated perfect form.

Prefix: pari

Root: svaj (class 1)

Note: The subject is Rāvaṇa.

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