वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-50, verse-19

कुरुष्व मे प्रियहितमेतदुत्तमं यथाप्रियं प्रियरणबान्धवप्रिय ।
स्वतेजसा विधम सपत्नवाहिनीं शरद्घनं पवन इवोद्यतो महान् ॥१९॥

19. kuruṣva me priyahitametaduttamaṃ yathāpriyaṃ priyaraṇabāndhavapriya ,
svatejasā vidhama sapatnavāhinīṃ śaradghanaṃ pavana ivodyato mahān.

19. kuruṣva me priyahitam etat uttamam
yathāpriyam priyaraṇabāndhavapriya
svatejasā vidhama sapatnavāhinīm
śaradghanam pavanaḥ iva udyataḥ mahān

19. O beloved by dear friends in battle, please accomplish this excellent and beneficial deed for me, as you wish. With your own might, scatter the enemy army, just as a great, surging wind disperses an autumn cloud.

Words meanings summery:

• कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, perform, accomplish

• मे (me) - for me, to me, my

• प्रियहितम् (priyahitam) - dear and beneficial, pleasing and good

• एतत् (etat) - this

• उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

• यथाप्रियम् (yathāpriyam) - as desired, according to wish, as dear

• प्रियरणबान्धवप्रिय (priyaraṇabāndhavapriya) - O beloved by dear friends in battle, O dear to friends in battle

• स्वतेजसा (svatejasā) - by your own might, by your own valor

• विधम (vidhama) - scatter, disperse, destroy

• सपत्नवाहिनीम् (sapatnavāhinīm) - the enemy army, host of adversaries

• शरद्घनम् (śaradghanam) - autumn cloud

• पवनः (pavanaḥ) - wind, air

• इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

• उद्यतः (udyataḥ) - risen, prepared, mighty, exerted

• महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

Words meanings and morphology

कुरुष्व (kuruṣva) - do, perform, accomplish

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (loṭ) of kṛ

Imperative, 2nd person singular

Root kṛ (VIII P/U). kuru is the stem, ṣva is the middle voice ending.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मे (me) - for me, to me, my

(pronoun)

singular of asmad

asmad - I, me, we, us

Enclitic form of asmad, 1st person singular.

Note: Enclitic form.

प्रियहितम् (priyahitam) - dear and beneficial, pleasing and good

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of priyahita

priyahita - dear and beneficial

Compound type : karmadhāraya (priya+hita)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective
• hita – beneficial, good, welfare
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Root dhā (to place, to hold) + kta suffix.
  Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Object of kuruṣva.

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this (demonstrative pronoun)

Neuter, Accusative, Singular.

Note: Refers to priyahitam.

उत्तमम् (uttamam) - excellent, best, supreme

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of uttama

uttama - highest, best, excellent, supreme

Superlative form of ud (up).

Note: Adjective modifying priyahitam.

यथाप्रियम् (yathāpriyam) - as desired, according to wish, as dear

(indeclinable)

Compound yathā (as) + priya (dear/desired).

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+priya)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, desired
  adjective

Note: Acts as an adverb modifying kuruṣva.

प्रियरणबान्धवप्रिय (priyaraṇabāndhavapriya) - O beloved by dear friends in battle, O dear to friends in battle

(adjective)

Vocative, masculine, singular of priyaraṇabāndhavapriya

priyaraṇabāndhavapriya - dear to friends in dear battles, beloved by friends in battle

Vocative singular of a masculine adjective/noun.

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (priya+raṇa+bāndhava+priya)

• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing
  adjective
• raṇa – battle, combat, war
  noun (masculine)
  Root: raṇ (class 1)
• bāndhava – kinsman, friend, relative
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from bandhu (relative).
• priya – dear, beloved; one who is dear
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Addressing the recipient of the command.

स्वतेजसा (svatejasā) - by your own might, by your own valor

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of svatejas

svatejas - own splendor, own might, own power

Compound type : karmadhāraya (sva+tejas)

• sva – own, self
  adjective
• tejas – splendor, might, fiery energy, power
  noun (neuter)

Note: Means by means of one's own power.

विधम (vidhama) - scatter, disperse, destroy

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of vidham

Imperative, 2nd person singular

Root dham (I P) with prefix vi.

Prefix: vi

Root: dham (class 1)

सपत्नवाहिनीम् (sapatnavāhinīm) - the enemy army, host of adversaries

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sapatnavāhinī

sapatnavāhinī - enemy army, host of rivals

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sapatna+vāhinī)

• sapatna – rival, enemy, adversary
  noun (masculine)
  From sa (with) + patnī (wife), originally co-wife, then rival.
  Prefix: sa
• vāhinī – army, host, river
  noun (feminine)
  From root vah (to carry) + inī suffix.
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Object of vidhama.

शरद्घनम् (śaradghanam) - autumn cloud

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śaradghana

śaradghana - autumn cloud

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śarad+ghana)

• śarad – autumn
  noun (feminine)
• ghana – cloud, dense, compact
  noun (masculine)
  Root: ghan (class 1)

Note: Object of comparison for sapatnavāhinīm.

पवनः (pavanaḥ) - wind, air

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pavana

pavana - wind, air, purifier

From root pū (to purify, to blow) + ana suffix.

Root: pū (class 1)

Note: Subject of the simile.

इव (iva) - like, as, as it were

(indeclinable)

Particle used for comparison.

Note: Introduces a simile.

उद्यतः (udyataḥ) - risen, prepared, mighty, exerted

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udyata

udyata - risen, uplifted, prepared, mighty, exerted

Past Passive Participle

Prefix ud + root yam (to restrain, to lift) + kta suffix.

Prefix: ud

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying pavanaḥ.

महान् (mahān) - great, mighty, large

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, extensive, mighty

Root mah (to be great) + at suffix.

Root: mah (class 1)

Note: Adjective modifying pavanaḥ.

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