वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-50, verse-10

किमर्थमहमादृत्य त्वया राजन्प्रबोधितः ।
शंस कस्माद्भयं ते ऽस्ति को ऽद्य प्रेतो भविष्यति ॥१०॥

10. kimarthamahamādṛtya tvayā rājanprabodhitaḥ ,
śaṃsa kasmādbhayaṃ te'sti ko'dya preto bhaviṣyati.

10. kimartham aham ādṛtya tvayā rājan prabodhitaḥ śaṃsa
kasmāt bhayam te asti kaḥ adya pretaḥ bhaviṣyati

10. rājan kimartham aham tvayā ādṛtya prabodhitaḥ śaṃsa
kasmāt te bhayam asti kaḥ adya pretaḥ bhaviṣyati

10. O King, why have I been respectfully awakened by you? Tell me, what fear do you have? Who will become a departed spirit (preta) today?

Words meanings summery:

• किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Kumbhakarṇa) (I)

• आदृत्य (ādṛtya) - with honor (referring to the manner of awakening) (having honored, respectfully)

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Rāvaṇa) (by you)

• राजन् (rājan) - O King (Rāvaṇa) (O King)

• प्रबोधितः (prabodhitaḥ) - awakened (from sleep) (awakened, aroused)

• शंस (śaṁsa) - tell me (tell!, declare!)

• कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from what (source of fear) (from what, why, whence)

• भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, danger)

• ते (te) - to you (Rāvaṇa) (to you, of you)

• अस्ति (asti) - exists (is, exists)

• कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

• अद्य (adya) - today

• प्रेतः (pretaḥ) - a dead person or departed spirit (preta) (dead, departed spirit)

• भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will become (will be, will become)

Words meanings and morphology

किमर्थम् (kimartham) - why (for what purpose, why)

(indeclinable)

Compound of kim (what) and artham (purpose). Adverbial.

Compound type : avyayībhāva (kim+artha)

• kim – what
  pronoun
  Interrogative pronoun
• artha – purpose, meaning, wealth
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial interrogative.

अहम् (aham) - I (Kumbhakarṇa) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we

First person pronoun.

Note: Subject of the question.

आदृत्य (ādṛtya) - with honor (referring to the manner of awakening) (having honored, respectfully)

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

From root dṛ (to honor) with prefix ā, and lyap suffix. Often used adverbially.

Prefix: ā

Root: dṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies prabodhitaḥ.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you (Rāvaṇa) (by you)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Second person pronoun.

Note: Agent of the passive participle prabodhitaḥ.

राजन् (rājan) - O King (Rāvaṇa) (O King)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, sovereign

Root: rāj (class 1)

Note: Addressed to Rāvaṇa.

प्रबोधितः (prabodhitaḥ) - awakened (from sleep) (awakened, aroused)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of prabodhita

prabodhita - awakened, aroused, informed, instructed

Past Passive Participle

From root budh (to awaken, to know) with prefix pra, and kta suffix.

Prefix: pra

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: Refers to aham.

शंस (śaṁsa) - tell me (tell!, declare!)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śaṃs

imperative, parasmaipada

From root śaṃs (to praise, to tell, 1st class). Second person singular imperative.

Root: śaṃs (class 1)

Note: Command to Rāvaṇa.

कस्मात् (kasmāt) - from what (source of fear) (from what, why, whence)

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who, why

Interrogative pronoun (ablative singular masculine/neuter).

Note: Refers to the origin of fear.

भयम् (bhayam) - fear (fear, danger)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of bhaya

bhaya - fear, dread, terror, danger

From root bhī (to fear).

Root: bhī (class 3)

Note: Subject of asti.

ते (te) - to you (Rāvaṇa) (to you, of you)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular)

Second person pronoun.

Note: Indirect object of fear, 'to you'.

अस्ति (asti) - exists (is, exists)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

present tense, parasmaipada

From root as (to be, 2nd class).

Root: as (class 2)

Note: 'Is' or 'exists.'

कः (kaḥ) - who (who, what)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun (nominative singular masculine).

Note: Interrogative subject.

अद्य (adya) - today

(indeclinable)

Adverb of time.

Note: Modifies bhaviṣyati.

प्रेतः (pretaḥ) - a dead person or departed spirit (preta) (dead, departed spirit)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of preta

preta - dead, deceased, departed spirit, ghost

Past Passive Participle

From root i (to go) with prefix pra, and kta suffix. Literally 'gone forth'.

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Predicate nominative for kaḥ with bhaviṣyati.

भविष्यति (bhaviṣyati) - will become (will be, will become)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, future (lṛṭ) of bhū

future tense, parasmaipada

From root bhū (to be, 1st class). Third person singular.

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: The subject is kaḥ.

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