वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-50, verse-4

स तत्तदा सूर्य इवाभ्रजालं प्रविश्य रक्षोऽधिपतेर्निवेशनम् ।
ददर्श दूरे ऽग्रजमासनस्थं स्वयम्भुवं शक्र इवासनस्थम् ॥४॥

4. sa tattadā sūrya ivābhrajālaṃ praviśya rakṣo'dhipaterniveśanam ,
dadarśa dūre'grajamāsanasthaṃ svayambhuvaṃ śakra ivāsanastham.

4. sa tat tadā sūrya iva abhrajālam
praviśya rakṣaḥ adhipateḥ niveśanam
dadarśa dūre agrajam āsanastham
svayambhuvam śakra iva āsanastham

4. Then, having entered the abode of the lord of rākṣasas like the sun penetrating a mass of clouds, he saw at a distance the foremost one (Rāvaṇa) seated, resembling Svayambhū (Brahmā) seated, as if Indra himself were beholding him.

Words meanings summery:

• स (sa) - he, that

• तत् (tat) - that, then

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• सूर्य (sūrya) - sun

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• अभ्रजालम् (abhrajālam) - mass of clouds

• प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

• रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon, rākṣasa

• अधिपतेः (adhipateḥ) - of the lord (Rāvaṇa) (of the lord, of the ruler)

• निवेशनम् (niveśanam) - abode, palace

• ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

• दूरे (dūre) - far, at a distance

• अग्रजम् (agrajam) - the foremost one (Rāvaṇa) (elder brother, foremost, chief)

• आसनस्थम् (āsanastham) - seated, established in a seat

• स्वयम्भुवम् (svayambhuvam) - Self-existent, Svayambhū (Brahmā)

• शक्र (śakra) - Śakra (Indra)

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• आसनस्थम् (āsanastham) - seated, established in a seat

Words meanings and morphology

स (sa) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Hanumān.

तत् (tat) - that, then

(indeclinable)

Note: Used as an adverb here, meaning 'then'.

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun 'tad' with suffix '-dā'

सूर्य (sūrya) - sun

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sūrya

sūrya - sun, sun god

Note: Part of a simile 'sūrya iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

अभ्रजालम् (abhrajālam) - mass of clouds

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhrajāla

abhrajāla - mass of clouds, cloud network

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (abhra+jāla)

• abhra – cloud
  noun (neuter)
• jāla – net, mass, multitude
  noun (neuter)

प्रविश्य (praviśya) - having entered

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Absolutive form of √viś with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

रक्षः (rakṣaḥ) - demon, rākṣasa

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rakṣas

rakṣas - demon, rākṣasa

Note: First part of a compound-like construction 'rakṣaḥ adhipateḥ'.

अधिपतेः (adhipateḥ) - of the lord (Rāvaṇa) (of the lord, of the ruler)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of adhipati

adhipati - lord, ruler, master

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa, forming 'lord of rākṣasas'.

निवेशनम् (niveśanam) - abode, palace

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of niveśana

niveśana - abode, dwelling, palace

Derived from root √viś with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: The object of 'praviśya'.

ददर्श (dadarśa) - he saw

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of dṛś

Perfect

Third person singular active of the perfect tense of √dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

दूरे (dūre) - far, at a distance

(indeclinable)

Note: Used adverbially.

अग्रजम् (agrajam) - the foremost one (Rāvaṇa) (elder brother, foremost, chief)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of agraja

agraja - first-born, elder brother, chief, foremost

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (agra+ja)

• agra – front, tip, first
  noun (neuter)
• ja – born, produced from
  adjective
  Kṛt suffix -ja
  Derived from root √jan
  Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Refers to Rāvaṇa.

आसनस्थम् (āsanastham) - seated, established in a seat

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsanastha

āsanastha - seated, being on a seat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āsana+stha)

• āsana – seat, sitting
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √ās
  Root: ās (class 2)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective
  Kṛt suffix -stha
  Derived from root √sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'agrajam'.

स्वयम्भुवम् (svayambhuvam) - Self-existent, Svayambhū (Brahmā)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of svayambhū

svayambhū - self-existent, self-born, an epithet of Brahmā

Compound type : bahuvrihi (svayam+bhū)

• svayam – self, by oneself
  indeclinable
• bhū – being, becoming, earth
  noun (feminine)
  Derived from root √bhū
  Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Used in comparison to describe the majestic appearance of Rāvaṇa.

शक्र (śakra) - Śakra (Indra)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śakra

śakra - powerful, mighty; an epithet of Indra

Note: Part of the simile 'śakra iva'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

आसनस्थम् (āsanastham) - seated, established in a seat

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āsanastha

āsanastha - seated, being on a seat

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (āsana+stha)

• āsana – seat, sitting
  noun (neuter)
  Derived from root √ās
  Root: ās (class 2)
• stha – standing, abiding, situated
  adjective
  Kṛt suffix -stha
  Derived from root √sthā
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Qualifies 'svayambhuvam' (Brahmā) as the object of 'seeing' by Indra.

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