वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-29, verse-5

येन धर्मो न विज्ञातो न वृत्तं न कुलं तथा ।
राक्षस्या नीचया बुद्ध्या येन तद्गर्हितं कृतम् ॥५॥

5. yena dharmo na vijñāto na vṛttaṃ na kulaṃ tathā ,
rākṣasyā nīcayā buddhyā yena tadgarhitaṃ kṛtam.

5. yena dharmaḥ na vijñātaḥ na vṛttam na kulam tathā
rākṣasyā nīcayā buddhyā yena tat garhitam kṛtam

5. yena dharmaḥ na vijñātaḥ na vṛttam na kulam tathā,
yena rākṣasyā nīcayā buddhyā tat garhitam kṛtam

5. By whom the natural law (dharma), proper conduct, and family lineage were not understood, and by whom, with a base, demonic intellect, that reprehensible act was committed.

Words meanings summery:

• येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Rāvaṇa) (by which, by whom)

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue)

• न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

• विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - understood (understood, known, comprehended)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - proper conduct (conduct, behavior, occurrence, event)

• न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

• कुलम् (kulam) - family lineage (family, lineage, clan, race, community)

• तथा (tathā) - thus, also (thus, so, in that manner, also)

• राक्षस्या (rākṣasyā) - by a demonic (by a female demon, demonic)

• नीचया (nīcayā) - by a base (by a low, base, vile)

• बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by reason)

• येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Rāvaṇa) (by which, by whom)

• तत् (tat) - that (that, by that)

• गर्हितम् (garhitam) - reprehensible (act) (reprehensible, blamed, censured, despised)

• कृतम् (kṛtam) - was committed (done, made, performed, completed)

Words meanings and morphology

येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Rāvaṇa) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - natural law (dharma) (natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - natural law, constitution, intrinsic nature, righteousness, duty, virtue

From dhṛ 'to uphold'

Root: dhṛ (class 3)

न (na) - not (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

विज्ञातः (vijñātaḥ) - understood (understood, known, comprehended)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vijñāta

vijñāta - understood, known, comprehended

Past Passive Participle

From vi- + jñā 'to know'

Prefix: vi

Root: jñā (class 9)

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

वृत्तम् (vṛttam) - proper conduct (conduct, behavior, occurrence, event)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vṛtta

vṛtta - conduct, behavior, occurrence, event, a story

Past Passive Participle

From vṛt 'to be, to exist'

Root: vṛt (class 1)

न (na) - nor (not, no, nor)

(indeclinable)

कुलम् (kulam) - family lineage (family, lineage, clan, race, community)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kula

kula - family, lineage, clan, race, community

तथा (tathā) - thus, also (thus, so, in that manner, also)

(indeclinable)

राक्षस्या (rākṣasyā) - by a demonic (by a female demon, demonic)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of rākṣasī

rākṣasī - a female demon, demonic (feminine)

Feminine form of rākṣasa

नीचया (nīcayā) - by a base (by a low, base, vile)

(adjective)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of nīca

nīca - low, base, vile, mean

बुद्ध्या (buddhyā) - by intellect (by intellect, by understanding, by reason)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, reason, perception

From budh 'to know'

Root: budh (class 1)

येन (yena) - by whom (referring to Rāvaṇa) (by which, by whom)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

तत् (tat) - that (that, by that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, it

Note: Used here as an adjective, modifying 'garhitam kṛtam'.

गर्हितम् (garhitam) - reprehensible (act) (reprehensible, blamed, censured, despised)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of garhita

garhita - reprehensible, blamed, censured, despised

Past Passive Participle

From garh 'to blame'

Root: garh (class 1)

कृतम् (kṛtam) - was committed (done, made, performed, completed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kṛta

kṛta - done, made, performed, completed

Past Passive Participle

From kṛ 'to do'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Implies 'it was done'.

Previous Verse Next Verse