वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-1, verse-5

प्रविष्टः सत्त्वमाश्रित्य जीवन् को नाम निष्क्रमेत् ।
को विशेत् सुदुराधर्षां राक्षसैश्च सुरक्षिताम् ।
यो वीर्यबलसंपन्नो न समः स्याद्धनूमतः ॥५॥

5. praviṣṭaḥ sattvamāśritya jīvan ko nāma niṣkramet ,
ko viśet sudurādharṣāṃ rākṣasaiśca surakṣitām ,
yo vīryabalasaṃpanno na samaḥ syāddhanūmataḥ.

5. praviṣṭaḥ sattvam āśritya jīvan kaḥ
nāma niṣkramet kaḥ viśet sudurādharṣām
rākṣasaiḥ ca surakṣitām yaḥ
vīryabalasampannaḥ na samaḥ syāt hanūmataḥ

5. Having entered by relying on his inherent strength (sattva), who could come out alive? Who could enter that exceedingly unassailable city, so well-protected by rākṣasas, if he is not equal to Hanumān, endowed with valor and strength?

Words meanings summery:

• प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - having entered, one who has entered (masculine nominative singular)

• सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - inherent strength, courage (courage, inherent strength, essence, reality, goodness (neuter accusative singular))

• आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having relied upon, resorting to

• जीवन् (jīvan) - living, while living, alive (masculine nominative singular)

• कः (kaḥ) - who? (masculine nominative singular)

• नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, truly

• निष्क्रमेत् (niṣkramet) - he might go out, he should exit

• कः (kaḥ) - who? (masculine nominative singular)

• विशेत् (viśet) - he might enter, he should enter

• सुदुराधर्षाम् (sudurādharṣām) - extremely unassailable, very difficult to attack (feminine accusative singular)

• राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by rākṣasas (masculine instrumental plural)

• च (ca) - and, also

• सुरक्षिताम् (surakṣitām) - well-protected, well-guarded (feminine accusative singular)

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which (masculine nominative singular)

• वीर्यबलसम्पन्नः (vīryabalasampannaḥ) - endowed with valor and strength (masculine nominative singular)

• न (na) - not, no, nor

• समः (samaḥ) - equal to, similar to (masculine nominative singular)

• स्यात् (syāt) - he might be, he should be

• हनूमतः (hanūmataḥ) - of Hanumān, from Hanumān (ablative singular)

Words meanings and morphology

प्रविष्टः (praviṣṭaḥ) - having entered, one who has entered (masculine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of praviṣṭa

praviṣṭa - entered, having entered

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root viś (to enter) with prefix pra-. Root viś becomes veś, then viṣṭa in P.P.P. form.

Prefix: pra

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe 'kaḥ'

सत्त्वम् (sattvam) - inherent strength, courage (courage, inherent strength, essence, reality, goodness (neuter accusative singular))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sattva

sattva - existence, reality, essence, inherent quality, goodness, courage, being, creature

Derived from root as (to be)

Root: as (class 2)

आश्रित्य (āśritya) - having relied upon, resorting to

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śri (to lean on, resort to) with prefix ā-.

Prefix: ā

Root: śri (class 1)

जीवन् (jīvan) - living, while living, alive (masculine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jīv (to live).

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Used adjectivally to describe 'kaḥ'

कः (kaḥ) - who? (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

नाम (nāma) - indeed, by name, truly

(indeclinable)

Note: Particle intensifying the question

निष्क्रमेत् (niṣkramet) - he might go out, he should exit

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of kram

optative active

Root kram (class 1, parasmaipada) with prefix nis-. 3rd person singular.

Prefix: nis

Root: kram (class 1)

कः (kaḥ) - who? (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

विशेत् (viśet) - he might enter, he should enter

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of viś

optative active

Root viś (class 6, parasmaipada). 3rd person singular.

Root: viś (class 6)

सुदुराधर्षाम् (sudurādharṣām) - extremely unassailable, very difficult to attack (feminine accusative singular)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of sudurādharṣa

sudurādharṣa - extremely difficult to attack, very unassailable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Compound of su- (very) + dur- (difficult) + a- (not) + dhṛṣya (assailable from root dhṛṣ).

Compound type : prādi-tatpuruṣa (su+dur+a+dhṛṣya)

• su – good, well, very
  indeclinable
  Intensifying prefix
• dur – bad, difficult
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'badly', 'with difficulty'
• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative prefix
• dhṛṣya – to be assailed, assailable
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Future Passive Participle
  Derived from root dhṛṣ (to dare, attack)
  Root: dhṛṣ (class 5)

Note: Describes 'purīm Laṅkām' (implied)

राक्षसैः (rākṣasaiḥ) - by rākṣasas (masculine instrumental plural)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rākṣasa

rākṣasa - rākṣasa (demon)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

सुरक्षिताम् (surakṣitām) - well-protected, well-guarded (feminine accusative singular)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of surakṣita

surakṣita - well-protected, well-guarded

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root rakṣ (to protect) with prefix su-.

Compound type : prādi-samāsa (su+rakṣita)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix meaning 'good' or 'well'
• rakṣita – protected, guarded
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root rakṣ (to protect)
  Root: rakṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes 'purīm Laṅkām' (implied)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which (masculine nominative singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

वीर्यबलसम्पन्नः (vīryabalasampannaḥ) - endowed with valor and strength (masculine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vīryabalasampanna

vīryabalasampanna - endowed with valor and strength

Compound: vīrya (valor) + bala (strength) + sampanna (endowed with).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vīrya+bala+sampanna)

• vīrya – valor, prowess, energy
  noun (neuter)
• bala – strength, power
  noun (neuter)
• sampanna – endowed with, furnished with, accomplished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root pad (to go, attain) with prefix sam-.
  Prefix: sam
  Root: pad (class 4)

Note: Describes 'yaḥ'

न (na) - not, no, nor

(indeclinable)

समः (samaḥ) - equal to, similar to (masculine nominative singular)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sama

sama - same, equal, similar, even

Note: Takes ablative (hanūmataḥ) for comparison

स्यात् (syāt) - he might be, he should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of as

optative active

Root as (class 2, parasmaipada). 3rd person singular.

Root: as (class 2)

हनूमतः (hanūmataḥ) - of Hanumān, from Hanumān (ablative singular)

(proper noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of hanūmat

hanūmat - Hanumān (name of a prominent Vanara deity)

Note: Used with samaḥ for comparison

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