वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-6, chapter-1, verse-14

कथं नाम समुद्रस्य दुष्पारस्य महाम्भसः ।
हरयो दक्षिणं पारं गमिष्यन्ति समाहिताः ॥१४॥

14. kathaṃ nāma samudrasya duṣpārasya mahāmbhasaḥ ,
harayo dakṣiṇaṃ pāraṃ gamiṣyanti samāhitāḥ.

14. katham nāma samudrasya duṣpārasya mahāmbhasaḥ
harayaḥ dakṣiṇam pāram gamiṣyanti samāhitāḥ

14. katham nāma duṣpārasya mahāmbhasaḥ samudrasya
dakṣiṇam pāram samāhitāḥ harayaḥ gamiṣyanti

14. How, indeed, will the monkeys, even with concentrated effort, cross the vast, impassable waters of the ocean to reach its southern shore?

Words meanings summery:

• कथम् (katham) - how, why

• नाम (nāma) - used for emphasis or rhetorical question ('How indeed') (indeed, by name, forsooth (particle))

• समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean, of the sea

• दुष्पारस्य (duṣpārasya) - of the difficult-to-cross, of the impassable

• महाम्भसः (mahāmbhasaḥ) - of the great waters, of the vast expanse of water

• हरयः (harayaḥ) - the Vānara army (monkeys)

• दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern, right

• पारम् (pāram) - shore, bank, further side

• गमिष्यन्ति (gamiṣyanti) - they will go, they will reach

• समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - concentrated, composed, resolute, well-placed

Words meanings and morphology

कथम् (katham) - how, why

(indeclinable)

नाम (nāma) - used for emphasis or rhetorical question ('How indeed') (indeed, by name, forsooth (particle))

(indeclinable)

समुद्रस्य (samudrasya) - of the ocean, of the sea

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of samudra

samudra - ocean, sea

Note: Governs 'duṣpārasya' and 'mahāmbhasaḥ'.

दुष्पारस्य (duṣpārasya) - of the difficult-to-cross, of the impassable

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of duṣpāra

duṣpāra - difficult to cross, impassable

Compound: 'dus' (difficult) + 'pāra' (crossing, shore).

Compound type : tatpurusha (dus+pāra)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill-
  indeclinable
  Prefix indicating difficulty or badness.
• pāra – crossing, passing over, shore, bank
  noun (masculine)
  From root 'pṛ' (to cross).
  Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'samudrasya'.

महाम्भसः (mahāmbhasaḥ) - of the great waters, of the vast expanse of water

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of mahāmbhas

mahāmbhas - great water, vast water, great ocean

Compound: 'mahā' (great) + 'ambhas' (water).

Compound type : tatpurusha (mahā+ambhas)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• ambhas – water
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'samudrasya'.

हरयः (harayaḥ) - the Vānara army (monkeys)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of hari

hari - monkey, lion, Viṣṇu, Indra, yellow

Note: Refers to the Vānara army.

दक्षिणम् (dakṣiṇam) - southern, right

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dakṣiṇa

dakṣiṇa - southern, right, skillful, sincere

Note: Agrees with 'pāram'.

पारम् (pāram) - shore, bank, further side

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of pāra

pāra - shore, bank, further side, end, limit

From root 'pṛ' (to cross).

Root: pṛ (class 3)

Note: Object of 'gamiṣyanti'.

गमिष्यन्ति (gamiṣyanti) - they will go, they will reach

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, future (lṛṭ) of √gam

Root: gam (class 1)

समाहिताः (samāhitāḥ) - concentrated, composed, resolute, well-placed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samāhita

samāhita - concentrated, composed, resolute, attentive, well-placed, collected (mind/self in meditation)

Past Passive Participle

From root 'dhā' (to place) with prefixes 'sam' and 'ā'.

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: dhā (class 3)

Note: Agrees with 'harayaḥ'. Here it means 'resolute' or 'well-prepared'.