वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-31, verse-21

दद्यान्न प्रतिगृह्णीयान्न ब्रूयत् किं चिदप्रियम् ।
अपि जीवितहेतोर्हि रामः सत्यपराक्रमः ॥२१॥

21. dadyānna pratigṛhṇīyānna brūyat kiṃ cidapriyam ,
api jīvitahetorhi rāmaḥ satyaparākramaḥ.

21. dadyāt na pratigṛhṇīyāt na brūyāt kim cit
apriyam api jīvitahetoḥ hi rāmaḥ satyaparākramaḥ

21. Even for the sake of his life, Rāma, whose valor was truth (satyaparākrama), would neither give (up his commitment) nor accept (what was improper), nor would he speak anything unpleasant.

Words meanings summery:

• दद्यात् (dadyāt) - (he would) give (up his commitment) (he should give, he may give)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - (he would) accept (what was improper) (he should accept, he may accept)

• न (na) - nor (not, no)

• ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - (he would) speak (he should speak, he may speak)

• किम् (kim) - anything (what, which, anything)

• चित् (cit) - indeed (forming 'anything') (indeed, even, also; used to form indefinite pronouns/adjectives)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

• अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

• जीवितहेतोः (jīvitahetoḥ) - for the sake of his life (for the sake of life, on account of life)

• हि (hi) - surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

• रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rama (proper noun))

• सत्यपराक्रमः (satyaparākramaḥ) - whose valor was truth (satyaparākrama) (whose valor is truth, truly mighty)

Words meanings and morphology

दद्यात् (dadyāt) - (he would) give (up his commitment) (he should give, he may give)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of dā

Optative Mood

Root dā (class 3), third person singular active, optative mood.

Root: dā (class 3)

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

प्रतिगृह्णीयात् (pratigṛhṇīyāt) - (he would) accept (what was improper) (he should accept, he may accept)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of pratigrah

Optative Mood

Root grah (class 9) with prefix prati, third person singular active, optative mood.

Prefix: prati

Root: grah (class 9)

न (na) - nor (not, no)

(indeclinable)

ब्रूयात् (brūyāt) - (he would) speak (he should speak, he may speak)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of brū

Optative Mood

Root brū (class 2), third person singular active, optative mood.

Root: brū (class 2)

किम् (kim) - anything (what, which, anything)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, anything, why

Note: Used here as an indefinite pronoun.

चित् (cit) - indeed (forming 'anything') (indeed, even, also; used to form indefinite pronouns/adjectives)

(indeclinable)

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, disliked, enemy

Negative compound (nañ-tatpuruṣa) of 'priya'.

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-, un-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with implicit 'vacanam' or similar.

अपि (api) - even (even, also, too)

(indeclinable)

जीवितहेतोः (jīvitahetoḥ) - for the sake of his life (for the sake of life, on account of life)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of jīvitahetu

jīvitahetu - reason for life, sake of life

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (jīvita+hetu)

• jīvita – life, livelihood, living
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle (used as noun)
  Derived from root jīv (to live).
  Root: jīv (class 1)
• hetu – cause, reason, motive, sake
  noun (masculine)

Note: Used adverbially to mean 'for the sake of'.

हि (hi) - surely (indeed, surely, for, because)

(indeclinable)

रामः (rāmaḥ) - Rāma (Rama (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rāma (an incarnation of Viṣṇu, son of Daśaratha)

सत्यपराक्रमः (satyaparākramaḥ) - whose valor was truth (satyaparākrama) (whose valor is truth, truly mighty)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyaparākrama

satyaparākrama - whose valor is truth, truly mighty, of true prowess

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+parākrama)

• satya – truth, real, true
  noun (neuter)
• parākrama – valor, prowess, courage, might
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'rāmaḥ'.

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