वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-31, verse-18

स राजा सत्यवाग्देव्या वरदानमनुस्मरन् ।
मुमोह वचनं श्रुत्वा कैकेय्याः क्रूरमप्रियम् ॥१८॥

18. sa rājā satyavāgdevyā varadānamanusmaran ,
mumoha vacanaṃ śrutvā kaikeyyāḥ krūramapriyam.

18. saḥ rājā satyavāk devyā varadānam anusmaran
mumoha vacanam śrutvā kaikeyyāḥ krūram apriyam

18. saḥ rājā satyavāk devyā varadānam anusmaran
kaikeyyāḥ krūram apriyam vacanam śrutvā mumoha

18. That king, truthful in speech, remembering the boon (varadāna) given by the queen, became bewildered after hearing Kaikeyī's cruel and unpleasant words.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

• राजा (rājā) - the king (Dasharatha) (king, ruler)

• सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful in speech (a quality of Dasharatha) (truthful in speech, speaking truth)

• देव्या (devyā) - by the queen (Kaikeyī) (by the goddess, by the queen, of the goddess, of the queen)

• वरदानम् (varadānam) - the boon (that was granted to Kaikeyī) (boon, gift of a wish)

• अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

• मुमोह (mumoha) - became bewildered (became bewildered, fainted, was deluded)

• वचनम् (vacanam) - the words (word, speech, utterance)

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - after hearing (having heard)

• कैकेय्याः (kaikeyyāḥ) - of Kaikeyī (of Kaikeyī, by Kaikeyī)

• क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel (cruel, harsh, dreadful)

• अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (king) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to King Dasharatha.

राजा (rājā) - the king (Dasharatha) (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Subject of mumoha.

सत्यवाक् (satyavāk) - truthful in speech (a quality of Dasharatha) (truthful in speech, speaking truth)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of satyavāc

satyavāc - truthful in speech, speaking truth

Compound of satya (truth) and vāc (speech).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (satya+vāc)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vāc – speech, voice, word
  noun (feminine)
  Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Qualifies rājā.

देव्या (devyā) - by the queen (Kaikeyī) (by the goddess, by the queen, of the goddess, of the queen)

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of devī

devī - goddess, queen, lady

Feminine form of deva.

Note: Genitive indicating possession or agent (of the boon).

वरदानम् (varadānam) - the boon (that was granted to Kaikeyī) (boon, gift of a wish)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of varadāna

varadāna - boon, gift of a wish

Compound of vara (boon) and dāna (giving).

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vara+dāna)

• vara – boon, wish, choice, excellent
  noun (masculine)
  Root: vṛ (class 5)
• dāna – giving, gift, donation
  noun (neuter)
  From root dā (to give).
  Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Object of anusmaran.

अनुस्मरन् (anusmaran) - remembering (remembering, recollecting)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anusmarat

anusmarat - remembering, recollecting

Present Active Participle

Derived from root smṛ with prefix anu.

Prefix: anu

Root: smṛ (class 1)

Note: Qualifies rājā.

मुमोह (mumoha) - became bewildered (became bewildered, fainted, was deluded)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of muh

Root: muh (class 4)

Note: Past tense, describes the king's reaction.

वचनम् (vacanam) - the words (word, speech, utterance)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacana

vacana - word, speech, utterance

Derived from root vac (to speak).

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Object of śrutvā.

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - after hearing (having heard)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Derived from root śru with suffix -tvā.

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Expresses an action completed before the main verb.

कैकेय्याः (kaikeyyāḥ) - of Kaikeyī (of Kaikeyī, by Kaikeyī)

(proper noun)

Genitive, feminine, singular of kaikeyī

kaikeyī - Kaikeyī (proper name)

Note: Possessive, describing the source of the words.

क्रूरम् (krūram) - cruel (cruel, harsh, dreadful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of krūra

krūra - cruel, harsh, dreadful

Note: Qualifies apriyam and vacanam.

अप्रियम् (apriyam) - unpleasant (unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of apriya

apriya - unpleasant, disagreeable, hateful

Compound of a (negation) and priya (dear, beloved, pleasant).

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+priya)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasant
  adjective (neuter)

Note: Qualifies vacanam.