वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-31, verse-8

को नौ पुत्रः पिता भ्रात भर्ता वा ते सुमध्यमे ।
अस्माल् लोकादमुं लोकं गतं त्वमनुशोचसि ॥८॥

8. ko nau putraḥ pitā bhrāta bhartā vā te sumadhyame ,
asmāl lokādamuṃ lokaṃ gataṃ tvamanuśocasi.

8. kaḥ nau putraḥ pitā bhrāta bhartā vā te sumadhyame
| asmāt lokāt amum lokam gatam tvam anuśocasi

8. sumadhyame,
tvam asmāt lokāt amum lokam gatam kaḥ nau putraḥ,
pitā,
bhrāta,
vā te bhartā,
anuśocasi?

8. O slender-waisted one, who among us – a son, father, brother, or your husband – having departed from this world to yonder world, do you grieve for?

Words meanings summery:

• कः (kaḥ) - who, which one

• नौ (nau) - among us (the speakers/involved parties) (of us two, to us two)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

• पिता (pitā) - father

• भ्रात (bhrāta) - brother

• भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, maintainer, lord

• वा (vā) - or, alternatively

• ते (te) - your, to you

• सुमध्यमे (sumadhyame) - O slender-waisted one, O beautiful-waisted one

• अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

• लोकात् (lokāt) - from the world, from the realm

• अमुम् (amum) - that, yonder

• लोकम् (lokam) - world, realm

• गतम् (gatam) - gone, departed, reached

• त्वम् (tvam) - you

• अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve, you lament for

Words meanings and morphology

कः (kaḥ) - who, which one

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

Note: Interrogative pronoun.

नौ (nau) - among us (the speakers/involved parties) (of us two, to us two)

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of asmad

asmad - I, we

Note: Enclitic form of the dual genitive/dative of asmad.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father

भ्रात (bhrāta) - brother

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhrātṛ

bhrātṛ - brother

भर्ता (bhartā) - husband, maintainer, lord

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of bhartṛ

bhartṛ - husband, maintainer, lord

agent noun

derived from root bhṛ (to bear, support) with -tṛc suffix

Root: bhṛ (class 3)

वा (vā) - or, alternatively

(indeclinable)

ते (te) - your, to you

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular or plural)

Note: Enclitic form of the singular genitive/dative of yuṣmad.

सुमध्यमे (sumadhyame) - O slender-waisted one, O beautiful-waisted one

(adjective)

Vocative, feminine, singular of sumadhyamā

sumadhyamā - slender-waisted (woman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (su+madhyamā)

• su – good, well, excellent
  indeclinable
• madhyamā – middle, waist
  adjective (feminine)

Note: Used as a vocative noun.

अस्मात् (asmāt) - from this

(pronoun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

Note: Refers to lokāt.

लोकात् (lokāt) - from the world, from the realm

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

अमुम् (amum) - that, yonder

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of adas

adas - that, yonder (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Refers to lokam.

लोकम् (lokam) - world, realm

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, realm, people

गतम् (gatam) - gone, departed, reached

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, departed, reached, passed

Past Passive Participle

derived from root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Past Passive Participle, functioning adjectivally to modify the implied object of grief.

त्वम् (tvam) - you

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you (singular or plural)

अनुशोचसि (anuśocasi) - you grieve, you lament for

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anuśoc

root śuc (to grieve, lament) with prefix anu

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)