वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-5, chapter-31, verse-19

ततस्तु स्थविरो राजा सत्यधर्मे व्यवस्थितः ।
ज्येष्ठं यशस्विनं पुत्रं रुदन् राज्यमयाचत ॥१९॥

19. tatastu sthaviro rājā satyadharme vyavasthitaḥ ,
jyeṣṭhaṃ yaśasvinaṃ putraṃ rudan rājyamayācata.

19. tataḥ tu sthaviraḥ rājā satyadharme vyavasthitaḥ
jyeṣṭham yaśasvinam putram rudan rājyam ayācata

19. Then, the aged king, established in his natural law (dharma) of truth, weeping, begged for the kingdom for his eldest, renowned son.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, therefore)

• तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

• स्थविरः (sthaviraḥ) - aged (old, aged, ancient)

• राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

• सत्यधर्मे (satyadharme) - in his natural law (dharma) of truth (in righteousness, in true law, in the natural law of truth)

• व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - established (established, arranged, determined, steady)

• ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest (eldest, oldest, chief, best)

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - renowned (famous, renowned, glorious, illustrious)

• पुत्रम् (putram) - son

• रुदन् (rudan) - weeping (weeping, crying)

• राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, reign, dominion)

• अयाचत (ayācata) - begged (he begged, he requested)

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then (then, from that, therefore)

(indeclinable)

तु (tu) - indeed (but, on the other hand, indeed)

(indeclinable)

स्थविरः (sthaviraḥ) - aged (old, aged, ancient)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sthavira

sthavira - old, aged, ancient; an elder

राजा (rājā) - king (king, ruler)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler, prince

सत्यधर्मे (satyadharme) - in his natural law (dharma) of truth (in righteousness, in true law, in the natural law of truth)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of satyadharma

satyadharma - the natural law (dharma) of truth, righteousness, true duty

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (satya+dharma)

• satya – truth, reality, true
  noun (neuter)
• dharma – natural law, constitution, duty, righteousness, virtue
  noun (masculine)

व्यवस्थितः (vyavasthitaḥ) - established (established, arranged, determined, steady)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyavasthita

vyavasthita - established, arranged, determined, steady, situated

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root sthā with prefixes vi- and ava-.

Prefixes: vi+ava

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

ज्येष्ठम् (jyeṣṭham) - eldest (eldest, oldest, chief, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of jyeṣṭha

jyeṣṭha - eldest, oldest, chief, best, most excellent

Note: Agrees with 'putram'.

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - renowned (famous, renowned, glorious, illustrious)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - famous, renowned, glorious, illustrious, successful

Derived from 'yaśas' (fame) with suffix '-vin'.

Note: Agrees with 'putram'.

पुत्रम् (putram) - son

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

रुदन् (rudan) - weeping (weeping, crying)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rudat

rudat - weeping, crying

Present Active Participle

Derived from root rud (to weep).

Root: rud (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'rājā'.

राज्यम् (rājyam) - kingdom (kingdom, reign, dominion)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of rājya

rājya - kingdom, reign, dominion, sovereignty

अयाचत (ayācata) - begged (he begged, he requested)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past imperfect (luṅ) of yāc

Imperfect Tense, Aorist-like formation

Root verb yāc, a-augment for imperfect, third person singular middle voice. The form is derived from the aorist, but functions like an imperfect.

Root: yāc (class 1)

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