वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-62, verse-6

बुध्यता च मया वीर्यं रावणस्य दुरात्मनः ।
पुत्रः संतर्जितो वाग्भिर्न त्राता मैथिली कथम् ॥६॥

6. budhyatā ca mayā vīryaṃ rāvaṇasya durātmanaḥ ,
putraḥ saṃtarjito vāgbhirna trātā maithilī katham.

6. budhyatā ca mayā vīryam rāvaṇasya durātmanaḥ putraḥ
santarjitaḥ vāgbhiḥ na trātā maithilī katham

6. mayā ca rāvaṇasya durātmanaḥ vīryam budhyatā putraḥ
vāgbhiḥ santarjitaḥ maithilī katham na trātā

6. And though I understood the valor of the evil-minded Rāvaṇa, I merely threatened his son with words. How then was Maithilī not protected?

Words meanings summery:

• बुध्यता (budhyatā) - by me who understood (by one who knows, by understanding, while understanding)

• च (ca) - and, though (implying contrast) (and, also)

• मया (mayā) - by me

• वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, strength (valor, strength, power, energy)

• रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Rāvaṇa (of Ravana)

• दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of the evil-minded (of the evil-minded, of the wicked soul)

• पुत्रः (putraḥ) - the son (of Ravana) (son)

• सन्तर्जितः (santarjitaḥ) - threatened (threatened, scolded, rebuked)

• वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words (with words, by speech)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• त्राता (trātā) - protected (protected, saved (feminine nominative singular))

• मैथिली (maithilī) - Maithilī (Sita) (Maithili (Sita, princess of Mithila))

• कथम् (katham) - how? (expressing regret/wonder) (how? why?)

Words meanings and morphology

बुध्यता (budhyatā) - by me who understood (by one who knows, by understanding, while understanding)

(adjective)

Instrumental, singular of budhyat

budhyat - understanding, knowing, being awake

Present Active Participle (Ātmanepada)

From root budh (to know, perceive).

Root: budh (class 4)

च (ca) - and, though (implying contrast) (and, also)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of asmad

asmad - I, me

1st person pronoun.

वीर्यम् (vīryam) - valor, strength (valor, strength, power, energy)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vīrya

vīrya - valor, strength, power, heroism, energy

From vīra (hero).

Note: Object of budhyatā.

रावणस्य (rāvaṇasya) - of Rāvaṇa (of Ravana)

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāvaṇa

rāvaṇa - Ravana (name of the demon king of Lanka)

Note: Qualifies vīryam and durātmanaḥ.

दुरात्मनः (durātmanaḥ) - of the evil-minded (of the evil-minded, of the wicked soul)

(adjective)

Genitive, masculine, singular of durātman

durātman - evil-minded, wicked, having a bad soul

Compound dur- (bad) + ātman (self/soul).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dus+ātman)

• dus – bad, difficult, ill
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: Qualifies rāvaṇasya.

पुत्रः (putraḥ) - the son (of Ravana) (son)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of putra

putra - son, child

Note: Subject of santarjitaḥ.

सन्तर्जितः (santarjitaḥ) - threatened (threatened, scolded, rebuked)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of santarjita

santarjita - threatened, terrified, scolded

Past Passive Participle

From sam- (prefix) + root tarj (to threaten, scold).

Prefix: sam

Root: tarj (class 10)

Note: The action (threatening) was performed by mayā (implied agent).

वाग्भिः (vāgbhiḥ) - with words (with words, by speech)

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, plural of vāc

vāc - word, speech, voice, language

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Instrument of santarjitaḥ.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

त्राता (trātā) - protected (protected, saved (feminine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of trāta

trāta - protected, saved, preserved

Past Passive Participle

From root trā (to protect, save).

Root: trā (class 2)

Note: The action (protecting) was not performed by mayā (implied agent).

मैथिली (maithilī) - Maithilī (Sita) (Maithili (Sita, princess of Mithila))

(proper noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of maithilī

maithilī - Maithili (an epithet of Sita, daughter of the king of Mithila)

Derived from mithila (name of a kingdom).

Note: Subject of the passive verb trātā.

कथम् (katham) - how? (expressing regret/wonder) (how? why?)

(indeclinable)

Interrogative adverb.