वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-21, verse-5

जानास्यनियतामेवं भूतानामागतिं गतिम् ।
तस्माच्छुभं हि कर्तव्यं पण्डिते नैहलौकिकम् ॥५॥

5. jānāsyaniyatāmevaṃ bhūtānāmāgatiṃ gatim ,
tasmācchubhaṃ hi kartavyaṃ paṇḍite naihalaukikam.

5. jānāsi aniyatām evam bhūtānām āgatim gatim |
tasmāt śubham hi kartavyam paṇḍitena iha laukikam

5. tvam evam bhūtānām aniyatām āgatim gatim jānāsi
tasmāt hi paṇḍitena iha laukikam śubham kartavyam

5. You know the uncertain nature of the arrival and departure of all beings. Therefore, a wise person should indeed perform virtuous actions (karma) in this world.

Words meanings summery:

• जानासि (jānāsi) - you know (you know, you understand)

• अनियताम् (aniyatām) - uncertain nature (uncertain, irregular, unstable, variable)

• एवम् (evam) - well (this) (thus, in this manner, so)

• भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of all beings (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

• आगतिम् (āgatim) - arrival (birth) (coming, arrival, origin, birth)

• गतिम् (gatim) - departure (death) (going, departure, movement, death, destiny)

• तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

• शुभम् (śubham) - virtuous actions (karma) (good, auspicious, virtuous, fortune)

• हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

• कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed (to be done, should be done, duty)

• पण्डितेन (paṇḍitena) - by a wise person (by a wise person, by a scholar)

• इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, now)

• लौकिकम् (laukikam) - in this world (worldly, earthly, popular)

Words meanings and morphology

जानासि (jānāsi) - you know (you know, you understand)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of jñā

9th class verb

Root: jñā (class 9)

Note: Present indicative 2nd singular active.

अनियताम् (aniyatām) - uncertain nature (uncertain, irregular, unstable, variable)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of aniyatā

aniyatā - uncertainty, irregularity, variability

Feminine noun from aniyata (unregulated, uncertain)

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (a+niyata)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  Negative particle
• niyata – regulated, fixed, certain, controlled
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root yam with prefix ni
  Prefix: ni
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular of the feminine noun aniyatā.

एवम् (evam) - well (this) (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

भूतानाम् (bhūtānām) - of all beings (of beings, of creatures, of elements)

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, plural of bhūta

bhūta - being, creature, element, past

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root bhū (to be)

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Neuter genitive plural.

आगतिम् (āgatim) - arrival (birth) (coming, arrival, origin, birth)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āgati

āgati - coming, arrival, origin, birth, source

From ā-gam (to come)

Prefix: ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular of the feminine noun āgati.

गतिम् (gatim) - departure (death) (going, departure, movement, death, destiny)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, departure, course, state, destiny, death

From root gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Accusative singular of the feminine noun gati.

तस्मात् (tasmāt) - therefore (therefore, from that, for that reason)

(indeclinable)

Note: Ablative singular of tad, acting as an indeclinable 'therefore'.

शुभम् (śubham) - virtuous actions (karma) (good, auspicious, virtuous, fortune)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śubha

śubha - auspicious, good, virtuous, beautiful, fortune, welfare

Note: Neuter nominative/accusative singular.

हि (hi) - indeed (indeed, surely, for)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

कर्तव्यम् (kartavyam) - should be performed (to be done, should be done, duty)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kartavya

kartavya - to be done, what should be done, duty, obligation

Gerundive

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -tavya

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Gerundive in neuter nominative/accusative singular.

पण्डितेन (paṇḍitena) - by a wise person (by a wise person, by a scholar)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of paṇḍita

paṇḍita - wise, learned, scholar, pundit

Note: Masculine instrumental singular.

इह (iha) - in this world (here, in this world, now)

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of place.

लौकिकम् (laukikam) - in this world (worldly, earthly, popular)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of laukika

laukika - worldly, earthly, secular, common, popular

Derived from loka (world) with suffix -ika

Note: Neuter nominative/accusative singular, modifying 'śubham' or referring to a worldly action.

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