वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-4, chapter-21, verse-3

शोच्या शोचसि कं शोच्यं दीनं दीनानुकम्पसे ।
कश्च कस्यानुशोच्यो ऽस्ति देहे ऽस्मिन्बुद्बुदोपमे ॥३॥

3. śocyā śocasi kaṃ śocyaṃ dīnaṃ dīnānukampase ,
kaśca kasyānuśocyo'sti dehe'sminbudbudopame.

3. śocyā śocasi kam śocyam dīnam dīnam anukampase
kaḥ ca kasya anuśocyaḥ asti dehe asmin budbudopame

3. [he] śocyā [tvam] kam śocyam śocasi? dīnam [tvam] dīnam anukampase.
asmin budbudopame dehe kaḥ ca kasya anuśocyaḥ asti?

3. O pitiable one, for whom do you grieve? Who is truly lamentable? You show compassion for the miserable. Who, indeed, should be grieved for by whom, in this body that is transient like a bubble?

Words meanings summery:

• शोच्या (śocyā) - Addressing Tara as one who is herself pitiable while grieving for another (O pitiable one, O lamentable one)

• शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you lament

• कम् (kam) - for whom (do you grieve)? (whom? for what?)

• शोच्यम् (śocyam) - who is to be grieved for (truly pitiable)? (to be grieved for, lamentable)

• दीनम् (dīnam) - a miserable or distressed person (the wretched one, miserable one)

• दीनम् (dīnam) - the miserable one (emphasizing the object of compassion) (the wretched one, miserable one)

• अनुकम्पसे (anukampase) - you pity, you sympathize with

• कः (kaḥ) - who?

• च (ca) - used emphatically in a question ('who indeed?') (and, also, indeed)

• कस्य (kasya) - whose? of whom?

• अनुशोच्यः (anuśocyaḥ) - who is worthy of being grieved for (to be grieved for, pitiable)

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• देहे (dehe) - in this physical body (in the body)

• अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (body) (in this)

• बुद्बुदोपमे (budbudopame) - in this body, which is transient like a bubble (like a bubble, comparable to a bubble)

Words meanings and morphology

शोच्या (śocyā) - Addressing Tara as one who is herself pitiable while grieving for another (O pitiable one, O lamentable one)

(participle)

Nominative, feminine, singular of śocya

śocya - to be grieved for, pitiable, lamentable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root śuc (to grieve, lament)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Grammatically nominative feminine singular, functioning as a vocative.

शोचसि (śocasi) - you grieve, you lament

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of śuc

Present, 2nd person singular, Parasmaipada

Root śuc (to sorrow, to burn)

Root: śuc (class 1)

कम् (kam) - for whom (do you grieve)? (whom? for what?)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

शोच्यम् (śocyam) - who is to be grieved for (truly pitiable)? (to be grieved for, lamentable)

(participle)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śocya

śocya - to be grieved for, pitiable, lamentable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root śuc (to grieve, lament)

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: Object of grieving, often used substantively.

दीनम् (dīnam) - a miserable or distressed person (the wretched one, miserable one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - wretched, miserable, poor, distressed

Past Passive Participle from root dai (to fade, be exhausted)

Root: dai (class 4)

Note: Object of compassion.

दीनम् (dīnam) - the miserable one (emphasizing the object of compassion) (the wretched one, miserable one)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dīna

dīna - wretched, miserable, poor, distressed

Past Passive Participle from root dai (to fade, be exhausted)

Root: dai (class 4)

Note: The second occurrence in 'dīnaṃ dīnānukampase' after sandhi is undone.

अनुकम्पसे (anukampase) - you pity, you sympathize with

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of anukamp

Present, 2nd person singular, Ātmanepada

From root kamp (to tremble, to vibrate) with upasarga anu (after, in accordance with)

Prefix: anu

Root: kamp (class 1)

कः (kaḥ) - who?

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

च (ca) - used emphatically in a question ('who indeed?') (and, also, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Conjunction

कस्य (kasya) - whose? of whom?

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Interrogative pronoun

अनुशोच्यः (anuśocyaḥ) - who is worthy of being grieved for (to be grieved for, pitiable)

(participle)

Nominative, masculine, singular of anuśocya

anuśocya - to be grieved for, pitiable, lamentable

Gerundive (Potential Passive Participle)

From root śuc (to grieve, lament) with upasarga anu

Prefix: anu

Root: śuc (class 1)

Note: The -aḥ ending indicates nominative masculine singular.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (lat) of as

Present, 3rd person singular, Parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

देहे (dehe) - in this physical body (in the body)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of deha

deha - body, form

From root dih (to smear, form)

Root: dih (class 4)

अस्मिन् (asmin) - in this (body) (in this)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, these

Demonstrative pronoun

बुद्बुदोपमे (budbudopame) - in this body, which is transient like a bubble (like a bubble, comparable to a bubble)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of budbudopama

budbudopama - like a bubble, comparable to a bubble

Tatpurusha compound, 'budbuda' (bubble) + 'upama' (comparison, resemblance)

Compound type : Tatpurusha (budbuda+upama)

• budbuda – bubble
  noun (masculine)
  Onomatopoeic origin
• upama – comparison, simile, resemblance
  noun (masculine)
  From upasarga upa and root mā (to measure, compare)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'dehe'.

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