वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-92, verse-12

स तानि द्रुमजालानि जातानि गिरिसानुषु ।
पुष्पिताग्राणि मध्येन जगाम वदतां वरः ॥१२॥

12. sa tāni drumajālāni jātāni girisānuṣu ,
puṣpitāgrāṇi madhyena jagāma vadatāṃ varaḥ.

12. saḥ tāni drumajālāni jātāni girisānuṣu
puṣpitāgrāṇi madhyena jagāma vadatām varaḥ

12. saḥ vadatām varaḥ girisānuṣu jātāni
puṣpitāgrāṇi tāni drumajālāni madhyena jagāma

12. He, the best among orators, walked through the midst of those clusters of trees, with their tops in bloom, that had grown on the mountain slopes.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he (Bharata) (he, that)

• तानि (tāni) - those (masses of trees) (those)

• द्रुमजालानि (drumajālāni) - clusters of trees (networks of trees, masses of trees, clumps of trees)

• जातानि (jātāni) - that had grown (grown, produced, born)

• गिरिसानुषु (girisānuṣu) - on the mountain slopes

• पुष्पिताग्राणि (puṣpitāgrāṇi) - with their tops in bloom (having flowering tops, with blossoming tips)

• मध्येन (madhyena) - through the midst of (through the middle, in the midst of)

• जगाम (jagāma) - walked (went, proceeded, walked)

• वदताम् (vadatām) - among orators (of speakers, among those who speak)

• वरः (varaḥ) - best (best, excellent)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he (Bharata) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Nominative singular masculine form of 'tad'.

तानि (tāni) - those (masses of trees) (those)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Accusative plural neuter, modifying 'drumajālāni'.

द्रुमजालानि (drumajālāni) - clusters of trees (networks of trees, masses of trees, clumps of trees)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, plural of drumajāla

drumajāla - network/mass of trees, thicket, collection of trees

Compound of druma (tree) and jāla (net, web, cluster)

Compound type : tatpurusha (druma+jāla)

• druma – tree
  noun (masculine)
• jāla – net, web, cluster, mass, collection
  noun (neuter)

Note: Object of 'jagāma' (went through).

जातानि (jātāni) - that had grown (grown, produced, born)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of jāta

jāta - born, produced, grown, happened, become

Past Passive Participle

From root jan (to be born, produced)

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Modifies 'drumajālāni'.

गिरिसानुषु (girisānuṣu) - on the mountain slopes

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of girisānu

girisānu - mountain slope, tableland on a mountain

Compound of giri (mountain) and sānu (slope, ridge)

Compound type : tatpurusha (giri+sānu)

• giri – mountain, hill
  noun (masculine)
• sānu – slope, ridge, table-land, peak
  noun (masculine)

Note: Specifies where the trees grew.

पुष्पिताग्राणि (puṣpitāgrāṇi) - with their tops in bloom (having flowering tops, with blossoming tips)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, plural of puṣpitāgra

puṣpitāgra - having flowering tops, with blossoming tips

Compound of puṣpita (flowered, blossomed) and agra (top, front)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (puṣpita+agra)

• puṣpita – flowered, blossomed, full of flowers
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root puṣp (to flower)
  Root: puṣp (class 1)
• agra – front, top, tip, peak
  noun (neuter)

Note: Modifies 'drumajālāni'.

मध्येन (madhyena) - through the midst of (through the middle, in the midst of)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of madhya

madhya - middle, center, midst, intermediate

Note: Used adverbially 'through'.

जगाम (jagāma) - walked (went, proceeded, walked)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of gam

Root verb

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Perfect tense form.

वदताम् (vadatām) - among orators (of speakers, among those who speak)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of vadat

vadat - speaking, saying, a speaker

Present Active Participle

From root vad (to speak)

Root: vad (class 1)

Note: Genitive plural of the present active participle used substantively.

वरः (varaḥ) - best (best, excellent)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vara

vara - best, excellent, distinguished, choice, a boon

From root vṛ (to choose, wish)

Root: vṛ (class 1)

Note: Modifies 'saḥ' (he).