वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-67, verse-9

अपापदर्शिनं शूरं कृतात्मानं यशस्विनम् ।
प्रव्राज्य चीरवसनं किं नु पश्यसि कारणम् ॥९॥

9. apāpadarśinaṃ śūraṃ kṛtātmānaṃ yaśasvinam ,
pravrājya cīravasanaṃ kiṃ nu paśyasi kāraṇam.

9. apāpadarśinam śūram kṛtātmānam yaśasvinam
pravrājya cīravasanam kim nu paśyasi kāraṇam

9. kim nu kāraṇam paśyasi apāpadarśinam śūram
kṛtātmānam yaśasvinam cīravasanam pravrājya

9. What reason do you indeed see for exiling this innocent, heroic, self-controlled (ātman), and glorious person, clad in bark garments?

Words meanings summery:

• अपापदर्शिनम् (apāpadarśinam) - innocent (one who sees no sin, innocent, faultless)

• शूरम् (śūram) - heroic (heroic, brave, mighty)

• कृतात्मानम् (kṛtātmānam) - self-controlled (ātman) (self-controlled, accomplished soul)

• यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious (famous, glorious, renowned)

• प्रव्राज्य (pravrājya) - having exiled (having exiled, having banished, having caused to wander)

• चीरवसनम् (cīravasanam) - clad in bark garments (wearing bark garments)

• किम् (kim) - what (reason)? (what?, why?)

• नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, now, then)

• पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see (you see, you behold)

• कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (reason, cause, motive)

Words meanings and morphology

अपापदर्शिनम् (apāpadarśinam) - innocent (one who sees no sin, innocent, faultless)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of apāpadarśin

apāpadarśin - one who sees no sin, innocent, pure

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (a+pāpa+darśin)

• a – not, non-
  indeclinable
  negative prefix
• pāpa – sin, evil, wicked
  noun (neuter)
• darśin – seeing, perceiving, knowing
  adjective (masculine)
  agent noun/adjective
  derived from root dṛś- 'to see'
  Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: refers to Rama

शूरम् (śūram) - heroic (heroic, brave, mighty)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of śūra

śūra - hero, brave, valiant, warrior

Note: agrees with 'apāpadarśinam'

कृतात्मानम् (kṛtātmānam) - self-controlled (ātman) (self-controlled, accomplished soul)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kṛtātman

kṛtātman - one whose soul is accomplished, self-controlled, purified in spirit

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (kṛta+ātman)

• kṛta – done, made, accomplished, performed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  derived from root kṛ- 'to do, make'
  Root: kṛ (class 8)
• ātman – self, soul, spirit, essence
  noun (masculine)

Note: agrees with 'apāpadarśinam'

यशस्विनम् (yaśasvinam) - glorious (famous, glorious, renowned)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yaśasvin

yaśasvin - famous, glorious, renowned, celebrated

possessive suffix -vin added to 'yaśas'

Note: agrees with 'apāpadarśinam'

प्रव्राज्य (pravrājya) - having exiled (having exiled, having banished, having caused to wander)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

absolutive from causative of root vraj- 'to go' with prefix pra-

Prefix: pra

Root: vraj (class 1)

चीरवसनम् (cīravasanam) - clad in bark garments (wearing bark garments)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of cīravasana

cīravasana - wearing bark garments

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (cīra+vasana)

• cīra – strip of bark, rag, old clothes
  noun (neuter)
• vasana – garment, clothing
  noun (neuter)
  derived from root vas- 'to wear'
  Root: vas (class 2)

Note: agrees with 'apāpadarśinam'

किम् (kim) - what (reason)? (what?, why?)

(interrogative pronoun)

Note: also functions as an interrogative adjective modifying 'kāraṇam'

नु (nu) - indeed (emphatic particle) (indeed, now, then)

(indeclinable)

पश्यसि (paśyasi) - you see (you see, you behold)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of dṛś

present indicative

root dṛś, 1st conjugation (paśya- stem), parasmaipada

Root: dṛś (class 1)

कारणम् (kāraṇam) - reason (reason, cause, motive)

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kāraṇa

kāraṇa - cause, reason, motive, instrument

derived from root kṛ- 'to do, make'

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: can also be accusative, fitting the context of 'what reason do you see?'

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