वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-67, verse-3

दुःखे मे दुःखमकरोर्व्रणे क्षारमिवादधाः ।
राजानं प्रेतभावस्थं कृत्वा रामं च तापसं ॥३॥

3. duḥkhe me duḥkhamakarorvraṇe kṣāramivādadhāḥ ,
rājānaṃ pretabhāvasthaṃ kṛtvā rāmaṃ ca tāpasaṃ.

3. duḥkhe me duḥkham akaroḥ vraṇe kṣāram iva adadhāḥ
rājānam pretabhāvastham kṛtvā rāmam ca tāpasam

3. me duḥkhe duḥkham akaroḥ vraṇe kṣāram iva adadhāḥ
rājānam pretabhāvastham kṛtvā rāmam ca tāpasam

3. You added sorrow to my sorrow, like applying caustic to a wound, by making the king as if dead and Rama an ascetic.

Words meanings summery:

• दुःखे (duḥkhe) - to my sorrow (locative of object/state) (in sorrow, in misery, in pain)

• मे (me) - my (referring to duḥkhe) (to me, my, of me)

• दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain

• अकरोः (akaroḥ) - you caused, you added (you did, you made)

• व्रणे (vraṇe) - in a wound, on a sore

• क्षारम् (kṣāram) - caustic, alkali, salt, saline substance

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• अदधाः (adadhāḥ) - you applied, you added (you placed, you put, you offered)

• राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

• प्रेतभावस्थम् (pretabhāvastham) - as if dead, in a state of death (being in the state of a departed spirit/ghost)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - by making, having rendered (having done, having made)

• रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• तापसम् (tāpasam) - an ascetic, a hermit

Words meanings and morphology

दुःखे (duḥkhe) - to my sorrow (locative of object/state) (in sorrow, in misery, in pain)

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, misery, pain, suffering, unhappiness

मे (me) - my (referring to duḥkhe) (to me, my, of me)

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of mad

mad - I, me

दुःखम् (duḥkham) - sorrow, misery, pain

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of duḥkha

duḥkha - sorrow, misery, pain, suffering, unhappiness

अकरोः (akaroḥ) - you caused, you added (you did, you made)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of kṛ

Imperfect

Second person singular, active voice.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

व्रणे (vraṇe) - in a wound, on a sore

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vraṇa

vraṇa - a wound, sore, ulcer, cut

क्षारम् (kṣāram) - caustic, alkali, salt, saline substance

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kṣāra

kṣāra - caustic, alkaline, saline, pungent, salt, alkali

Root: kṣar (class 1)

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

अदधाः (adadhāḥ) - you applied, you added (you placed, you put, you offered)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dhā

Imperfect

Second person singular, active voice. Reduplicated root in 3rd class.

Root: dhā (class 3)

राजानम् (rājānam) - the king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign, ruler

प्रेतभावस्थम् (pretabhāvastham) - as if dead, in a state of death (being in the state of a departed spirit/ghost)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of pretabhāvastha

pretabhāvastha - being in the state of a ghost, having become a ghost

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (preta+bhāva+stha)

• preta – departed, dead, ghost, spirit of the dead
  noun (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root i (to go) with prefix pra.
  Prefix: pra
  Root: i (class 2)
• bhāva – state, condition, existence, nature, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  From root bhū (to be, to become).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• stha – standing, staying, being in, situated in
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - by making, having rendered (having done, having made)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From root kṛ (to do, to make) with suffix -tvā.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

रामम् (rāmam) - Rama

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a prominent deity in Hinduism, hero of the Ramayana)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

तापसम् (tāpasam) - an ascetic, a hermit

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tāpasa

tāpasa - an ascetic, a hermit, one who performs austerities (tapas)

Derived from tapas (austerity, penance).