वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-67, verse-13

सो ऽहं कथमिमं भारं महाधुर्यसमुद्यतम् ।
दम्यो धुरमिवासाद्य सहेयं केन चौजसा ॥१३॥

13. so'haṃ kathamimaṃ bhāraṃ mahādhuryasamudyatam ,
damyo dhuramivāsādya saheyaṃ kena caujasā.

13. saḥ aham katham imam bhāram mahādhuryasamudyatam
damyaḥ dhuram iva āsādya saheyam kena ca ojasā

13. saḥ aham damyaḥ iva dhuram āsādya katham imam
mahādhuryasamudyatam bhāram kena ca ojasā saheyam?

13. How can I, that (person), a mere untrained animal (damya) approaching the yoke (dhuraṃ), bear this enormous burden (bhāra), which is typically managed by great leaders, and with what strength (ojas) can I endure it?

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - that (person, i.e., I, Bharata) (he, that)

• अहम् (aham) - I (Bharata) (I)

• कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

• इमम् (imam) - this (burden) (this (accusative masculine))

• भारम् (bhāram) - this enormous burden (of ruling the kingdom) (burden, weight, load)

• महाधुर्यसमुद्यतम् (mahādhuryasamudyatam) - which is typically managed by great leaders (borne by great yoked animals/leaders, lifted by great leaders)

• दम्यः (damyaḥ) - a mere untrained animal (one that can be tamed, a young bull, a yoke-animal, a subdueable one)

• धुरम् (dhuram) - the yoke (of responsibility) (yoke, burden, responsibility, office)

• इव (iva) - like, as (like, as, as if)

• आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, reaching (having approached, having reached, having obtained)

• सहेयम् (saheyam) - could I bear/endure (I would bear, I could endure)

• केन (kena) - by what (by what, with what)

• च (ca) - and (and, also)

• ओजसा (ojasā) - with what strength (ojas) (by strength, with vigor, by power)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - that (person, i.e., I, Bharata) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the speaker, Bharata.

अहम् (aham) - I (Bharata) (I)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of asmad

asmad - I

कथम् (katham) - how (how, in what manner)

(indeclinable)

इमम् (imam) - this (burden) (this (accusative masculine))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this, this one

Note: Agrees with `bhāram`.

भारम् (bhāram) - this enormous burden (of ruling the kingdom) (burden, weight, load)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhāra

bhāra - burden, weight, load, responsibility

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Object of 'saheyam'.

महाधुर्यसमुद्यतम् (mahādhuryasamudyatam) - which is typically managed by great leaders (borne by great yoked animals/leaders, lifted by great leaders)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of mahādhuryasamudyata

mahādhuryasamudyata - borne by great leaders/yoke-animals, lifted/undertaken by great leaders

Past Passive Participle (compound)

Compound of mahādhurya (great leader/yoke-animal) and samudyata (lifted, undertaken).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi / tatpuruṣa (mahādhurya+samudyata)

• mahat – great, mighty
  adjective (masculine)
• dhurya – fit for a burden, chief, leader, prime, yoke-animal
  noun (masculine)
  From dhur (yoke, burden)
• samudyata – lifted up, undertaken, prepared, ready, exerted
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From sam + ud + root yam (to lift, exert)
  Prefixes: sam+ud
  Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with `bhāram`.

दम्यः (damyaḥ) - a mere untrained animal (one that can be tamed, a young bull, a yoke-animal, a subdueable one)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of damya

damya - to be tamed, suitable for taming, young bull, a yoke-animal, subdueable

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

From root dam (to tame, subdue) + ya suffix

Root: dam (class 4)

Note: Refers to Bharata, likening himself to an animal needing to be tamed for the yoke.

धुरम् (dhuram) - the yoke (of responsibility) (yoke, burden, responsibility, office)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of dhur

dhur - yoke, burden, load, responsibility, chief place

Note: Object of `āsādya`.

इव (iva) - like, as (like, as, as if)

(indeclinable)

Note: Used for comparison.

आसाद्य (āsādya) - having approached, reaching (having approached, having reached, having obtained)

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

From prefix ā + root sad (to sit, approach) + lyap suffix (when preceded by a prefix)

Prefix: ā

Root: sad (class 1)

Note: Modifies the main verb `saheyam`.

सहेयम् (saheyam) - could I bear/endure (I would bear, I could endure)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of sah

Root: sah (class 1)

Note: Potentially mood, expressing capability or possibility.

केन (kena) - by what (by what, with what)

(pronoun)

Instrumental, masculine/neuter, singular of kim

kim - what, which, who

च (ca) - and (and, also)

(indeclinable)

ओजसा (ojasā) - with what strength (ojas) (by strength, with vigor, by power)

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of ojas

ojas - strength, vigor, power, vitality

Note: Used with `kena`.

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