वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-56, verse-6

सा त्वं धर्मपरा नित्यं दृष्टलोकपरावर ।
नार्हसे विप्रियं वक्तुं दुःखितापि सुदुःखितम् ॥६॥

6. sā tvaṃ dharmaparā nityaṃ dṛṣṭalokaparāvara ,
nārhase vipriyaṃ vaktuṃ duḥkhitāpi suduḥkhitam.

6. sā tvam dharmaparā nityam dṛṣṭalokāparāvarā na
arhase vipriyam vaktum duḥkhitā api suduḥkhitam

6. sā tvam nityam dharmaparā dṛṣṭalokāparāvarā
duḥkhitā api suduḥkhitam vipriyam vaktum na arhase

6. You, who are always devoted to your intrinsic nature (dharma) and have seen both this world and the next, should not speak harsh words, even though you are deeply grieved.

Words meanings summery:

• सा (sā) - you (feminine, referring to Kausalyā) (she, that (feminine))

• त्वम् (tvam) - you (Kausalyā) (you)

• धर्मपरा (dharmaparā) - devoted to your intrinsic nature (dharma) (devoted to duty/righteousness/dharma)

• नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternally)

• दृष्टलोकापरावरा (dṛṣṭalokāparāvarā) - who has seen both this world and the next (or all types of beings/situations) (who has seen both this world and the next, who has seen high and low)

• न (na) - not (not, no)

• अर्हसे (arhase) - you should (you ought, you deserve, you are able)

• विप्रियम् (vipriyam) - harsh words (lit. unpleasant thing) (disagreeable, unpleasant, harsh (noun or adjective))

• वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak (to speak, to say)

• दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - grieved (grieved, distressed, unhappy (feminine))

• अपि (api) - even though (also, even, too)

• सुदूःखितम् (sudūḥkhitam) - deeply grievous (modifying 'vipriyam') (very greatly distressed, extremely grieved)

Words meanings and morphology

सा (sā) - you (feminine, referring to Kausalyā) (she, that (feminine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, that one, she

Demonstrative pronoun, feminine nominative singular

त्वम् (tvam) - you (Kausalyā) (you)

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

Second person pronoun

धर्मपरा (dharmaparā) - devoted to your intrinsic nature (dharma) (devoted to duty/righteousness/dharma)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dharmapara

dharmapara - devoted to duty, intent on righteousness, following one's intrinsic nature (dharma)

Compound of dharma (duty) + para (devoted, intent on)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+para)

• dharma – intrinsic nature, constitution, natural law, duty, righteousness, virtue, custom, religion
  noun (masculine)
  From root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ (class 1)
• para – devoted to, intent on, highest, supreme, other
  adjective

नित्यम् (nityam) - always (always, constantly, eternally)

(indeclinable)

Adverbial use of 'nitya'

Note: Acts as an adverb.

दृष्टलोकापरावरा (dṛṣṭalokāparāvarā) - who has seen both this world and the next (or all types of beings/situations) (who has seen both this world and the next, who has seen high and low)

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of dṛṣṭalokāparāvara

dṛṣṭalokāparāvara - one who has seen the higher and lower worlds/beings, one who has experienced good and bad in the world

Bahuvrīhi compound: dṛṣṭa (seen) + loka (world) + aparāvara (lower and higher)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (dṛṣṭa+loka+aparāvara)

• dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived, observed
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dṛś (to see) + kta
  Root: dṛś (class 1)
• loka – world, realm, people
  noun (masculine)
  Root: lok (class 10)
• aparāvara – lower and higher, this world and the next, all sorts of things
  adjective
  Compound of apara (lower, other) and avara (higher, supreme, also sometimes lower)

Note: Qualifies 'tvam'.

न (na) - not (not, no)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle

Note: Negates 'arhase'.

अर्हसे (arhase) - you should (you ought, you deserve, you are able)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of arh

Present tense, Atmanepada, 2nd person singular

From root arh (to deserve)

Root: arh (class 1)

विप्रियम् (vipriyam) - harsh words (lit. unpleasant thing) (disagreeable, unpleasant, harsh (noun or adjective))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vipriya

vipriya - disagreeable, unpleasant, harsh, disliked, injury, affront

From vi- (apart, bad) + priya (dear, pleasant)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vi+priya)

• vi – apart, asunder, away, bad, negation
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• priya – dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable
  adjective
  Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Acts as an object.

वक्तुम् (vaktum) - to speak (to speak, to say)

(verb)

active, infinitive (tumun) of vac

Infinitive

Root vac (to speak) + tumun (infinitive suffix)

Root: vac (class 2)

दुःखिता (duḥkhitā) - grieved (grieved, distressed, unhappy (feminine))

(adjective)

Nominative, feminine, singular of duḥkhita

duḥkhita - grieved, distressed, unhappy, suffering

Past Passive Participle

From duḥkha (pain, sorrow) + ita (suffix implying 'afflicted by' or 'possessing')

अपि (api) - even though (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

Particle

Note: Used concessively, 'even if/though'.

सुदूःखितम् (sudūḥkhitam) - deeply grievous (modifying 'vipriyam') (very greatly distressed, extremely grieved)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudūḥkhita

sudūḥkhita - very greatly distressed, extremely grieved

Past Passive Participle

From su- (very, good) + duḥkhita (grieved)

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+duḥkhita)

• su – good, well, very, excellent
  indeclinable
  Prefix
• duḥkhita – grieved, distressed, unhappy, suffering
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  From duḥkha (pain, sorrow) + ita (suffix)

Note: Modifies 'vipriyam'.