वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-56, verse-15

तं हि चिन्तयमानायाः शोको ऽयं हृदि वर्धते ।
अदीनामिव वेगेन समुद्रसलिलं महत् ॥१५॥

15. taṃ hi cintayamānāyāḥ śoko'yaṃ hṛdi vardhate ,
adīnāmiva vegena samudrasalilaṃ mahat.

15. tam hi cintayamānāyāḥ śokaḥ ayam hṛdi vardhate
adīnām iva vegena samudra-salilam mahat

15. hi tam cintayamānāyāḥ ayam śokaḥ hṛdi vardhate
mahat samudra-salilam adīnām iva vegena

15. Indeed, as she meditated upon him, this sorrow grew in her heart, just as the vast, undiminished waters of the ocean swell rapidly.

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - him (referring to Rāma) (him, that)

• हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

• चिन्तयमानायाः (cintayamānāyāḥ) - of Kauśalyā, while she was thinking of Rāma (of her thinking, of her meditating)

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

• अयम् (ayam) - this

• हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

• वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases, swells

• अदीनाम् (adīnām) - Although grammatically feminine genitive plural, this word, in the context of the simile comparing sorrow to ocean water, is often understood to imply the 'undiminished' or 'mighty' nature of the water itself, potentially a textual variant for 'adīnam' (neuter singular). (of the undiminished, of the mighty (ones))

• इव (iva) - like, as, as if

• वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, with force, rapidly

• समुद्र-सलिलम् (samudra-salilam) - ocean water, seawater

• महत् (mahat) - great, vast, mighty

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - him (referring to Rāma) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

हि (hi) - indeed, surely, for, because

(indeclinable)

चिन्तयमानायाः (cintayamānāyāḥ) - of Kauśalyā, while she was thinking of Rāma (of her thinking, of her meditating)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of cintayamāna

cintayamāna - thinking, meditating

Present Participle (Middle Voice)

Derived from the root 'cit' (to perceive, think) via the causative stem 'cintay' and the 'śānac' suffix for middle voice present participle.

Root: cit (class 1)

शोकः (śokaḥ) - sorrow, grief, lamentation

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation

From root 'śuc' (to grieve, lament).

Root: śuc (class 1)

अयम् (ayam) - this

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of idam

idam - this

हृदि (hṛdi) - in the heart, in the mind

(noun)

Locative, neuter, singular of hṛd

hṛd - heart, mind, soul

वर्धते (vardhate) - grows, increases, swells

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present indicative (laṭ) of vṛdh

Root: vṛdh (class 1)

अदीनाम् (adīnām) - Although grammatically feminine genitive plural, this word, in the context of the simile comparing sorrow to ocean water, is often understood to imply the 'undiminished' or 'mighty' nature of the water itself, potentially a textual variant for 'adīnam' (neuter singular). (of the undiminished, of the mighty (ones))

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, plural of adīna

adīna - not wretched, not humble, proud, mighty, potent, noble, dignified

Negation of 'dīna' (wretched, poor).

इव (iva) - like, as, as if

(indeclinable)

वेगेन (vegena) - with speed, with force, rapidly

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vega

vega - speed, velocity, force, impetus

From root 'vij' (to move quickly).

Root: vij (class 6)

समुद्र-सलिलम् (samudra-salilam) - ocean water, seawater

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of samudra-salila

samudra-salila - ocean water, seawater

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (samudra+salila)

• samudra – ocean, sea
  noun (masculine)
• salila – water
  noun (neuter)

महत् (mahat) - great, vast, mighty

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of mahat

mahat - great, large, vast, mighty, important

From root 'mah' (to be great).

Root: mah (class 1)