वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-56, verse-14

वनवासाय रामस्य पञ्चरात्रो ऽद्य गण्यते ।
यः शोकहतहर्षायाः पञ्चवर्षोपमो मम ॥१४॥

14. vanavāsāya rāmasya pañcarātro'dya gaṇyate ,
yaḥ śokahataharṣāyāḥ pañcavarṣopamo mama.

14. vanavāsāya rāmasya pañcarātraḥ adya gaṇyate
yaḥ śokahataharṣāyāḥ pañcavarṣopamaḥ mama

14. rāmasya vanavāsāya pañcarātraḥ adya gaṇyate
yaḥ mama śokahataharṣāyāḥ pañcavarṣopamaḥ

14. Today, five nights are counted since Rama went to the forest. This period (of five nights) now feels to me, whose joy is destroyed by grief (śoka), like five years.

Words meanings summery:

• वनवासाय (vanavāsāya) - for Rama's dwelling in the forest (for dwelling in the forest, for exile to the forest)

• रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

• पञ्चरात्रः (pañcarātraḥ) - five nights, a period of five nights

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• गण्यते (gaṇyate) - is counted, is reckoned

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that (relative pronoun)

• शोकहतहर्षायाः (śokahataharṣāyāḥ) - for me, whose joy is destroyed by grief (śoka) (of her whose joy is destroyed by grief; for her whose joy is destroyed by grief)

• पञ्चवर्षोपमः (pañcavarṣopamaḥ) - like five years, comparable to five years

• मम (mama) - my, of me, for me

Words meanings and morphology

वनवासाय (vanavāsāya) - for Rama's dwelling in the forest (for dwelling in the forest, for exile to the forest)

(noun)

Dative, masculine, singular of vanavāsa

vanavāsa - dwelling in a forest, forest life, exile to a forest

Compound of 'vana' (forest) and 'vāsa' (dwelling)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (vana+vāsa)

• vana – forest, wood, grove
  noun (neuter)
• vāsa – dwelling, abode, residence, staying
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'vas' (to dwell)
  Root: vas

रामस्य (rāmasya) - of Rama

(proper noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rāma

rāma - Rama (name of a prominent deity in Hinduism, hero of the Ramayana)

पञ्चरात्रः (pañcarātraḥ) - five nights, a period of five nights

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcarātra

pañcarātra - five nights, a period of five nights

Compound of 'pañca' (five) and 'rātra' (night)

Compound type : dvigu (pañca+rātra)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• rātra – night, day and night
  noun (neuter)
  Often means 'day and night' in compounds.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

गण्यते (gaṇyate) - is counted, is reckoned

(verb)

3rd person , singular, passive, present (laṭ) of gaṇ

Present Tense, Passive Voice, Third Person Singular

From root 'gaṇ' (10th class, cūrādi). Passive formed with 'ya' infix.

Root: gaṇ (class 10)

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, that (relative pronoun)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that (relative pronoun)

शोकहतहर्षायाः (śokahataharṣāyāḥ) - for me, whose joy is destroyed by grief (śoka) (of her whose joy is destroyed by grief; for her whose joy is destroyed by grief)

(adjective)

Genitive, feminine, singular of śokahataharṣā

śokahataharṣā - one whose joy/happiness is destroyed/slain by grief

Bahuvrīhi compound. 'śoka' (grief) 'hata' (slain/destroyed) 'harṣa' (joy).

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (śoka+hata+harṣa)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc
• hata – struck, slain, destroyed, removed
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'han' (to strike, slay)
  Root: han (class 2)
• harṣa – joy, delight, happiness, exhilaration
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'hṛṣ' (to be excited, rejoice)
  Root: hṛṣ

Note: Used with 'mama' (for me) here, indicating 'of me whose joy is...'

पञ्चवर्षोपमः (pañcavarṣopamaḥ) - like five years, comparable to five years

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pañcavarṣopama

pañcavarṣopama - comparable to five years

Compound of 'pañca' (five) 'varṣa' (year) 'upama' (like, comparable)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (pañca+varṣa+upama)

• pañca – five
  numeral
• varṣa – year, rain, rainy season
  noun (neuter)
• upama – resembling, like, comparable to, simile
  adjective (masculine)
  From 'upa' + 'mā' (to measure, compare)
  Prefix: upa
  Root: mā

Note: Qualifies 'yaḥ' (referring to 'pañcarātraḥ').

मम (mama) - my, of me, for me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of asmad

asmad - I, we (pronoun)

Note: Functions here like a dative 'for me'.