वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-56, verse-12

शोको नाशयते धैर्यं शोको नाशयते श्रुतम् ।
शोको नाशयते सर्वं नास्ति शोकसमो रिपुः ॥१२॥

12. śoko nāśayate dhairyaṃ śoko nāśayate śrutam ,
śoko nāśayate sarvaṃ nāsti śokasamo ripuḥ.

12. śokaḥ nāśayate dhairyam śokaḥ nāśayate śrutam
śokaḥ nāśayate sarvam na asti śokasamaḥ ripuḥ

12. śokaḥ dhairyam nāśayate śokaḥ śrutam nāśayate
śokaḥ sarvam nāśayate śokasamaḥ ripuḥ na asti

12. Grief (śoka) destroys fortitude; grief (śoka) destroys learning. Grief (śoka) destroys everything. There is no enemy comparable to grief (śoka).

Words meanings summery:

• शोकः (śokaḥ) - grief (śoka) (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

• नाशयते (nāśayate) - destroys, causes to perish

• धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - courage, fortitude, patience

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning, scriptural knowledge (heard, learned; sacred knowledge, scripture, learning)

• सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything, whole)

• न (na) - not, no

• अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

• शोकसमः (śokasamaḥ) - comparable to grief (śoka) (equal to sorrow, comparable to grief)

• रिपुः (ripuḥ) - enemy, foe

Words meanings and morphology

शोकः (śokaḥ) - grief (śoka) (sorrow, grief, lamentation)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, lamentation, anguish

From root 'śuc' (to mourn, grieve, be sad)

Root: śuc

Note: Subject of 'nāśayate'.

नाशयते (nāśayate) - destroys, causes to perish

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of nāśay

Present Tense, Middle Voice, Third Person Singular (Causative)

Causative of root 'naś' (to perish, disappear). Formed with '-aya' suffix.

Root: naś (class 4)

धैर्यम् (dhairyam) - courage, fortitude, patience

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dhairya

dhairya - firmness, constancy, patience, fortitude, courage

Derived from 'dhīra' (firm, steady)

Note: Object of 'nāśayate'.

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - learning, scriptural knowledge (heard, learned; sacred knowledge, scripture, learning)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, learned, known; sacred tradition, Vedic knowledge, learning

Past Passive Participle

From root 'śru' (to hear). Used here as a noun.

Root: śru (class 1)

Note: Object of 'nāśayate'.

सर्वम् (sarvam) - everything (all, everything, whole)

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

Note: Object of 'nāśayate'.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Nullifies 'asti'.

अस्ति (asti) - is, exists

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Present Tense, Active Voice, Third Person Singular

Root 'as', 2nd class (adādi), parasmaipada

Root: as (class 2)

Note: Forms 'nāsti' with 'na'.

शोकसमः (śokasamaḥ) - comparable to grief (śoka) (equal to sorrow, comparable to grief)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śokasama

śokasama - equal to grief, comparable to sorrow

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (śoka+sama)

• śoka – sorrow, grief, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc
• sama – equal, similar, same, like
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Qualifies 'ripuḥ'.

रिपुः (ripuḥ) - enemy, foe

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ripu

ripu - enemy, foe, rival

Note: Subject of 'na asti'.