वाल्मीकि-रामायणम् vālmīki-rāmāyaṇam - book-2, chapter-36, verse-12

अकस्मान्नागरः सर्वो जनो दैन्यमुपागमत् ।
आहारे वा विहारे वा न कश्चिदकरोन्मनः ॥१२॥

12. akasmānnāgaraḥ sarvo jano dainyamupāgamat ,
āhāre vā vihāre vā na kaścidakaronmanaḥ.

12. akasmāt nāgaraḥ sarvaḥ janaḥ dainyam upāgamat
āhāre vā vihāre vā na kaścit akarot manaḥ

12. akasmāt sarvaḥ nāgaraḥ janaḥ dainyam upāgamat
āhāre vā vihāre vā kaścit manaḥ na akarot

12. Suddenly, all the city dwellers were overcome with misery. No one felt like eating or engaging in recreation.

Words meanings summery:

• अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - suddenly, unexpectedly

• नागरः (nāgaraḥ) - urban, city-dweller, citizen

• सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all, every

• जनः (janaḥ) - people, folk, person

• दैन्यम् (dainyam) - misery, distress, pitiable condition

• उपागमत् (upāgamat) - reached, attained, was overcome by

• आहारे (āhāre) - in food, in eating

• वा (vā) - or

• विहारे (vihāre) - in recreation, in wandering/sport

• वा (vā) - or

• न (na) - not

• कश्चित् (kaścit) - (with `na`) no one (anyone, someone)

• अकरोत् (akarot) - (with `manaḥ`) he put his mind, he felt like (he did, he made)

• मनः (manaḥ) - (with `akarot`) inclination, desire (to do something) (mind, thought, intention)

Words meanings and morphology

अकस्मात् (akasmāt) - suddenly, unexpectedly

(indeclinable)

नागरः (nāgaraḥ) - urban, city-dweller, citizen

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nāgara

nāgara - relating to a city, urban, a city-dweller

Root: nagara

Note: Refers to 'janaḥ'.

सर्वः (sarvaḥ) - all, every

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sarva

sarva - all, entire, every

Note: Agrees with `janaḥ`.

जनः (janaḥ) - people, folk, person

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of jana

jana - person, people, creature

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: Used collectively to mean 'all people'.

दैन्यम् (dainyam) - misery, distress, pitiable condition

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of dainya

dainya - misery, wretchedness, humbleness, pity

Root: dīna

Note: Object of `upāgamat`.

उपागमत् (upāgamat) - reached, attained, was overcome by

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of gam

Prefixes: upa+ā

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: With prefixes `upa` (near, towards) and `ā` (hither, completely).

आहारे (āhāre) - in food, in eating

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of āhāra

āhāra - food, eating, taking in

Prefix: ā

Root: hṛ (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

विहारे (vihāre) - in recreation, in wandering/sport

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of vihāra

vihāra - sport, recreation, wandering, monastery

Prefix: vi

Root: hṛ (class 1)

वा (vā) - or

(indeclinable)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

कश्चित् (kaścit) - (with `na`) no one (anyone, someone)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kaścit

kaścit - someone, anyone, a certain person

Root: kim

Note: With `na`, it forms 'no one'.

अकरोत् (akarot) - (with `manaḥ`) he put his mind, he felt like (he did, he made)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, imperfect (Laṅ) of kṛ

Root: kṛ (class 8)

मनः (manaḥ) - (with `akarot`) inclination, desire (to do something) (mind, thought, intention)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of manas

manas - mind, intellect, heart, desire

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Object of `akarot`.