मार्कण्डेय-पुराणम्
mārkaṇḍeya-purāṇam
-
chapter-132, verse-6
पितरं चापि निहतं दृष्ट्वा जीवन्ति शत्रवः ।
तत्किमेतेन बहुना हा तातेति च किं पुनः ॥६॥
तत्किमेतेन बहुना हा तातेति च किं पुनः ॥६॥
6. pitaraṃ cāpi nihataṃ dṛṣṭvā jīvanti śatravaḥ .
tatkimetena bahunā hā tāteti ca kiṃ punaḥ.
tatkimetena bahunā hā tāteti ca kiṃ punaḥ.
6.
pitaram ca api nihatam dṛṣṭvā jīvanti śatravaḥ
tat kim etena bahunā hā tāta iti ca kim punaḥ
tat kim etena bahunā hā tāta iti ca kim punaḥ
6.
And having seen my father slain, the enemies still live. So, what is the use of much talk about this? And why again lament, 'Alas, O father!'?
Words meanings summery:
(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)
- पितरम् (pitaram) - father
- च (ca) - and, also
- अपि (api) - also, even
- निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, struck down
- दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing
- जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - they live, they exist
- शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies
- तत् (tat) - therefore, then, that
- किम् (kim) - what? why? what is the use?
- एतेन (etena) - by this, with this
- बहुना (bahunā) - by much, by many (words)
- हा (hā) - alas! ah! oh!
- तात (tāta) - O father!
- इति (iti) - thus, so saying (quotation marker)
- च (ca) - and, also
- किम् (kim) - what? why?
- पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but
Words meanings and morphology
पितरम् (pitaram) - father
(noun)
Accusative, masculine, singular of pitṛ
pitṛ - father
Note: Object of 'dṛṣṭvā'.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
अपि (api) - also, even
(indeclinable)
Note: Emphatic particle, here combining with 'ca' to mean 'and even'.
निहतम् (nihatam) - slain, killed, struck down
(adjective)
Accusative, masculine, singular of nihata
nihata - slain, killed, struck down, destroyed
Past Passive Participle
Formed from root 'han' (to strike, kill) with prefix 'ni' and 'kta' suffix.
Prefix: ni
Root: han (class 2)
Note: Adjective modifying 'pitaram'.
दृष्ट्वा (dṛṣṭvā) - having seen, after seeing
(indeclinable)
Absolutive (Gerund)
Formed from root 'dṛś' (to see) with 'ktvā' suffix.
Root: dṛś (class 1)
Note: Indicates an action preceding 'jīvanti'.
जीवन्ति (jīvanti) - they live, they exist
(verb)
3rd person , plural, active, Present (Laṭ) of jīv
Root: jīv (class 1)
Note: Main verb of the first sentence.
शत्रवः (śatravaḥ) - enemies
(noun)
Nominative, masculine, plural of śatru
śatru - enemy, foe, rival
Note: Subject of 'jīvanti'.
तत् (tat) - therefore, then, that
(indeclinable)
Note: Functions as a connective particle, indicating consequence.
किम् (kim) - what? why? what is the use?
(indeclinable)
Note: Interrogative particle, here indicating futility or rhetorical question.
एतेन (etena) - by this, with this
(pronoun)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of etad
etad - this, this one
Note: Refers to 'this talk/lamentation'.
बहुना (bahunā) - by much, by many (words)
(adjective)
Instrumental, neuter, singular of bahu
bahu - much, many, numerous, abundant
Note: Adjective modifying 'etena' (implied 'vacanena' - by much speech).
हा (hā) - alas! ah! oh!
(indeclinable)
Note: Exclamatory particle.
तात (tāta) - O father!
(noun)
Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta
tāta - father, venerable person
Note: Direct address, within the quoted speech.
इति (iti) - thus, so saying (quotation marker)
(indeclinable)
Note: Marks the end of a quotation.
च (ca) - and, also
(indeclinable)
Note: Conjunction.
किम् (kim) - what? why?
(indeclinable)
Note: Interrogative particle, here implying futility or rhetorical question.
पुनः (punaḥ) - again, moreover, but
(indeclinable)
Note: Indicates repetition or further consideration.