महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-47, verse-8

ततोऽभिभूतं युधि वीक्ष्य सैन्यं विध्वस्तयोधं द्रुतवाजिनागम् ।
पञ्चाशता रथमुख्यैः समेतः कर्णस्त्वरन्मामुपायात्प्रमाथी ॥८॥

8. tato'bhibhūtaṁ yudhi vīkṣya sainyaṁ; vidhvastayodhaṁ drutavājināgam ,
pañcāśatā rathamukhyaiḥ sametaḥ; karṇastvaranmāmupāyātpramāthī.

8. tataḥ abhibhūtam yudhi vīkṣya
sainyam vidhvastayodham drutavājināgam
pañcāśatā rathamukhyaiḥ sametaḥ
Karṇaḥ tvaran mām upāyāt pramāthī

8. tataḥ yudhi abhibhūtam vidhvastayodham
drutavājināgam sainyam vīkṣya
pramāthī Karṇaḥ pañcāśatā
rathamukhyaiḥ sametaḥ tvaran mām upāyāt

8. Then, Karna, the destructive one, having seen the army overwhelmed in battle, its warriors destroyed, and its horses and elephants put to flight, hastened and approached me, accompanied by fifty chief charioteers.

Words meanings summery:

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

• अभिभूतम् (abhibhūtam) - overwhelmed, defeated, subdued

• युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

• वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, after seeing

• सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

• विध्वस्तयोधम् (vidhvastayodham) - with destroyed warriors, whose warriors are destroyed

• द्रुतवाजिनागम् (drutavājināgam) - with fleeing horses and elephants

• पञ्चाशता (pañcāśatā) - by fifty, with fifty

• रथमुख्यैः (rathamukhyaiḥ) - by chief charioteers, with principal charioteers

• समेतः (sametaḥ) - accompanied by, joined with, together with

• कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

• त्वरन् (tvaran) - hastening, hurrying

• माम् (mām) - me, to me

• उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached, came near

• प्रमाथी (pramāthī) - destructive, assailant, crusher

Words meanings and morphology

ततः (tataḥ) - then, thereafter, from that

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverb of time.

अभिभूतम् (abhibhūtam) - overwhelmed, defeated, subdued

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of abhibhūta

bhūta - become, been, past

Past Passive Participle

From root bhū with prefix abhi-

Prefix: abhi

Root: bhū (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyam'.

युधि (yudhi) - in battle, in fight

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of yudh

yudh - battle, fight, war

वीक्ष्य (vīkṣya) - having seen, after seeing

(indeclinable)

Absolutive

From root īkṣ with prefix vi-

Prefix: vi

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: Describes an action completed before the main verb.

सैन्यम् (sainyam) - army, host

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sainya

sainya - army, host, military force

Derived from senā (army)

Note: Object of 'vīkṣya'.

विध्वस्तयोधम् (vidhvastayodham) - with destroyed warriors, whose warriors are destroyed

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vidhvastayodha

vidhvastayodha - having warriors destroyed

Compound of vidhvasta and yodha

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (vidhvasta+yodha)

• vidhvasta – destroyed, ruined, scattered
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dhvaṃs with prefix vi-
  Prefix: vi
  Root: dhvaṃs (class 1)
• yodha – warrior, fighter
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyam'.

द्रुतवाजिनागम् (drutavājināgam) - with fleeing horses and elephants

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of drutavājināga

drutavājināga - having horses and elephants put to flight

Compound of druta, vājin, and nāga

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (druta+vājin+nāga)

• druta – fled, run away, hastened
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root dru
  Root: dru (class 1)
• vājin – horse, steed
  noun (masculine)
• nāga – elephant, serpent
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'sainyam'.

पञ्चाशता (pañcāśatā) - by fifty, with fifty

(numeral)

Note: Agrees with 'rathamukhyaiḥ'.

रथमुख्यैः (rathamukhyaiḥ) - by chief charioteers, with principal charioteers

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, plural of rathamukhya

rathamukhya - chief charioteer, principal warrior on a chariot

Compound of ratha and mukhya

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ratha+mukhya)

• ratha – chariot
  noun (masculine)
• mukhya – chief, principal, foremost
  adjective (masculine)

Note: Used with 'sametaḥ'.

समेतः (sametaḥ) - accompanied by, joined with, together with

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sameta

eta - gone, arrived

Past Passive Participle

From root i 'to go' with prefix sam-

Prefix: sam

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'Karṇaḥ'.

कर्णः (karṇaḥ) - Karna

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of Karṇa

Karṇa - Karna (a major character in the Mahābhārata)

Note: Subject of 'upāyāt'.

त्वरन् (tvaran) - hastening, hurrying

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tvar

tvar - to hasten, hurry, be quick

Present Active Participle

Masculine singular nominative, from root tvar

Root: tvar (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Karṇaḥ'.

माम् (mām) - me, to me

(pronoun)

Accusative, singular of aham

aham - I, ego (ahaṅkāra)

Note: Object of 'upāyāt'.

उपायात् (upāyāt) - approached, came near

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of upa-i

Imperfect

3rd person singular active, Parasmaipada, Imperfect tense (with augment a-). With prefix upa-

Prefix: upa

Root: i (class 2)

प्रमाथी (pramāthī) - destructive, assailant, crusher

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pramāthin

pramāthin - destructive, crushing, assailant, plunderer

From root math 'to churn, destroy' with prefix pra- and suffix -in

Prefix: pra

Root: math (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Karṇaḥ'.