महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-47, verse-13

कर्णं न चेदद्य निहन्मि राजन्सबान्धवं युध्यमानं प्रसह्य ।
प्रतिश्रुत्याकुर्वतां वै गतिर्या कष्टां गच्छेयं तामहं राजसिंह ॥१३॥

13. karṇaṁ na cedadya nihanmi rāja;nsabāndhavaṁ yudhyamānaṁ prasahya ,
pratiśrutyākurvatāṁ vai gatiryā; kaṣṭāṁ gaccheyaṁ tāmahaṁ rājasiṁha.

13. karṇam na cet adya nihammi rājan
sabāndhavam yudhyamānam prasahya
pratiśrutya akurvatām vai gatiḥ yā
kaṣṭām gaccheyam tām aham rājasiṁha

13. rājan rājasiṁha adya cet yudhyamānam sabāndhavam karṇam prasahya na nihammi,
vai pratiśrutya akurvatām yā kaṣṭā gatiḥ (asti),
tām aham gaccheyam.

13. O King (rājan), O lion among kings (rājasiṁha), if today I do not forcefully kill Karṇa, along with his kinsmen, while he is fighting, then I shall certainly attain that difficult fate which awaits those who do not fulfill their solemn vows (pratiśrutya).

Words meanings summery:

• कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (the warrior) (Karṇa (proper noun))

• न (na) - not, no

• चेत् (cet) - if, if indeed

• अद्य (adya) - today

• निहम्मि (nihammi) - I kill, I strike down

• राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

• सबान्धवम् (sabāndhavam) - along with his (Karṇa's) kinsmen (along with kinsmen, with relatives)

• युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - while he (Karṇa) is fighting (fighting, battling)

• प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully (forcefully, violently, having overcome)

• प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having made a promise, having taken a vow (having promised, having heard)

• अकुर्वताम् (akurvatām) - of those who do not fulfill (their promises) (of those who do not do, of those who do not act)

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• गतिः (gatiḥ) - fate (fate, state, movement, path, destination)

• या (yā) - which (feminine singular)

• कष्टाम् (kaṣṭām) - difficult (fate) (difficult, painful, bad)

• गच्छेयम् (gaccheyam) - I shall attain (that fate) (I should go, I might attain)

• ताम् (tām) - that (difficult fate) (that (feminine singular accusative))

• अहम् (aham) - I

• राजसिंह (rājasiṁha) - O lion among kings (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lion among kings)

Words meanings and morphology

कर्णम् (karṇam) - Karṇa (the warrior) (Karṇa (proper noun))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of karṇa

karṇa - ear; rudder; the name of a celebrated warrior in the Mahābhārata

Note: Object of `nihammi`.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

Note: Negates the verb `nihammi`.

चेत् (cet) - if, if indeed

(indeclinable)

Note: Functions with `na` to form "if not".

अद्य (adya) - today

(indeclinable)

Note: temporal adverb.

निहम्मि (nihammi) - I kill, I strike down

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present indicative (laṭ) of nihan

Present Active Indicative

1st person singular, from root √han (to strike, kill) with prefix ni-

Prefix: ni

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Subject is `aham` (implied).

राजन् (rājan) - O King Dhṛtarāṣṭra (O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.

सबान्धवम् (sabāndhavam) - along with his (Karṇa's) kinsmen (along with kinsmen, with relatives)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of sabāndhava

sabāndhava - with relatives, having kinsmen

Compound with sa- (with) and bāndhava (kinsman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+bāndhava)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• bāndhava – kinsman, relative, friend
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with `karṇam`.

युध्यमानम् (yudhyamānam) - while he (Karṇa) is fighting (fighting, battling)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yudhyamāna

yudhyamāna - fighting, warring, contending

Present Middle Participle

Derived from root √yudh (to fight) with middle participle suffix -māna

Root: yudh (class 4)

Note: Agrees with `karṇam`.

प्रसह्य (prasahya) - forcefully (forcefully, violently, having overcome)

(indeclinable participle)

प्रतिश्रुत्य (pratiśrutya) - having made a promise, having taken a vow (having promised, having heard)

(indeclinable participle)

Note: Used in the genitive absolute like sense for 'those who having promised'

अकुर्वताम् (akurvatām) - of those who do not fulfill (their promises) (of those who do not do, of those who do not act)

(adjective)

Genitive, plural of akurvat

akurvat - not doing, not acting, failing to do

Present Active Participle (Negative)

Derived from root √kṛ (to do, make) with negative prefix a- and present active participle suffix -vat

Compound type : nañ-tatpuruṣa (negative prefix) (a+kurvat)

• a – not, non-
  prefix
• kurvat – doing, making, performing
  adjective
  Present Active Participle
  From √kṛ
  Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Genitive plural, describing "those who do not fulfill".

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

गतिः (gatiḥ) - fate (fate, state, movement, path, destination)

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of gati

gati - going, movement, path, course, destiny, fate, state, condition

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject of the relative clause.

या (yā) - which (feminine singular)

(pronoun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what

Note: Refers to `gatiḥ`.

कष्टाम् (kaṣṭām) - difficult (fate) (difficult, painful, bad)

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kaṣṭa

kaṣṭa - difficult, hard, painful, evil, wretched

Note: Agrees with `tām` and implies `gatiḥ`.

गच्छेयम् (gaccheyam) - I shall attain (that fate) (I should go, I might attain)

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, optative (vidhi liṅ) of gam

Optative Active

1st person singular, from root √gam (to go)

Root: gam (class 1)

Note: Subject is `aham`.

ताम् (tām) - that (difficult fate) (that (feminine singular accusative))

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Note: Object of `gaccheyam`.

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I, ego (ahaṅkāra)

Note: Subject of `gaccheyam`.

राजसिंह (rājasiṁha) - O lion among kings (addressing Dhṛtarāṣṭra) (O lion among kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājasiṁha

rājasiṁha - lion among kings, excellent king, a great king

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+siṁha)

• rājan – king
  noun (masculine)
• siṁha – lion
  noun (masculine)

Note: Address to Dhṛtarāṣṭra.