महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-3, verse-12

यत्त्वया कथितं वाक्यं श्रुतं संजय तन्मया ।
कच्चिद्दुर्योधनः सूत न गतो वै यमक्षयम् ।
ब्रूहि संजय तत्त्वेन पुनरुक्तां कथामिमाम् ॥१२॥

12. yattvayā kathitaṁ vākyaṁ śrutaṁ saṁjaya tanmayā ,
kaccidduryodhanaḥ sūta na gato vai yamakṣayam ,
brūhi saṁjaya tattvena punaruktāṁ kathāmimām.

12. yat tvayā kathitam vākyam śrutam
saṃjaya tat mayā kaccit duryodhanaḥ
sūta na gataḥ vai yamakṣayam brūhi
saṃjaya tattvena punaruktām kathām imām

12. saṃjaya yat vākyam tvayā kathitam,
tat mayā śrutam.
sūta kaccit duryodhanaḥ yamakṣayam vai na gataḥ? saṃjaya imām punaruktām kathām tattvena brūhi

12. O Saṃjaya, I have heard the words you spoke. Tell me, charioteer, has Duryodhana indeed not gone to the abode of Yama? O Saṃjaya, recount this story to me truthfully.

Words meanings summery:

• यत् (yat) - what, which

• त्वया (tvayā) - by you

• कथितम् (kathitam) - spoken, narrated

• वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, statement

• श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

• तत् (tat) - that

• मया (mayā) - by me

• कच्चित् (kaccit) - surely? is it possible that?

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• सूत (sūta) - O charioteer

• न (na) - not

• गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached

• वै (vai) - indeed, truly (emphatic particle)

• यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - to the abode of Yama

• ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak, tell

• संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

• तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truthfully, in essence, in reality

• पुनरुक्ताम् (punaruktām) - repeated, recounted

• कथाम् (kathām) - story, narration

• इमाम् (imām) - this

Words meanings and morphology

यत् (yat) - what, which

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of yad

yad - which, what, that

Relative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

त्वया (tvayā) - by you

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of tvam

tvam - you (singular)

Second person pronoun.

कथितम् (kathitam) - spoken, narrated

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kathita

kathita - spoken, told, narrated

Past Passive Participle

From √kath 'to tell'.

Root: √kath (class 10)

Note: Agrees with 'vākyam'.

वाक्यम् (vākyam) - word, statement

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of vākya

vākya - speech, statement, sentence, word

श्रुतम् (śrutam) - heard

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of śruta

śruta - heard, listened, known (through hearing)

Past Passive Participle

From √śru 'to hear'.

Root: √śru (class 5)

Note: Agrees with 'yat vākyam' implicitly.

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name), victory, complete conquest

तत् (tat) - that

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, this, he, she, it

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Refers to 'yat vākyam'.

मया (mayā) - by me

(pronoun)

Instrumental, singular of aham

aham - I (first person pronoun)

First person pronoun.

कच्चित् (kaccit) - surely? is it possible that?

(indeclinable)

Interrogative particle expressing doubt or hope.

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (proper name), difficult to fight, unconquerable

सूत (sūta) - O charioteer

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of sūta

sūta - charioteer, bard, son (by specific caste mixing)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

Negative particle.

गतः (gataḥ) - gone, reached

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gata

gata - gone, reached, departed, passed

Past Passive Participle

From √gam 'to go'.

Root: √gam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'duryodhanaḥ'.

वै (vai) - indeed, truly (emphatic particle)

(indeclinable)

Emphatic particle.

यमक्षयम् (yamakṣayam) - to the abode of Yama

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of yamakṣaya

yamakṣaya - the abode of Yama (god of death), the realm of death

Tatpuruṣa compound.

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (yama+kṣaya)

• yama – Yama (the god of death), restraint, self-control
  proper noun (masculine)
• kṣaya – abode, dwelling, destruction, end
  noun (masculine)
  From √kṣi 'to dwell, to destroy'.
  Root: √kṣi (class 1)

Note: Indicates destination.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - speak, tell

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (Loṭ) of √brū

Imperative (Loṭ-lakāra), 2nd person singular, active voice.

Root verb.

Root: √brū (class 2)

संजय (saṁjaya) - O Saṃjaya

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of saṃjaya

saṁjaya - Saṃjaya (proper name), victory, complete conquest

तत्त्वेन (tattvena) - truthfully, in essence, in reality

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Note: Adverbial usage.

पुनरुक्ताम् (punaruktām) - repeated, recounted

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of punarukta

punarukta - repeated, reiterated, said again

Past Passive Participle

Compound of punar (again) + ukta (spoken).

Compound type : Pradi-samāsa (punar+ukta)

• punar – again, anew
  indeclinable
• ukta – spoken, said, told
  adjective (feminine)
  Past Passive Participle
  From √vac 'to speak'.
  Root: √vac (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'kathām'.

कथाम् (kathām) - story, narration

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of kathā

kathā - story, tale, narration, discourse

Note: Object of 'brūhi'.

इमाम् (imām) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Demonstrative pronoun.

Note: Agrees with 'kathām'.