महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-8, chapter-3, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
एतच्छ्रुत्वा महाराज धृतराष्ट्रोऽम्बिकासुतः ।
शोकस्यान्तमपश्यन्वै हतं मत्वा सुयोधनम् ।
विह्वलः पतितो भूमौ नष्टचेता इव द्विपः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
etacchrutvā mahārāja dhṛtarāṣṭro'mbikāsutaḥ ,
śokasyāntamapaśyanvai hataṁ matvā suyodhanam ,
vihvalaḥ patito bhūmau naṣṭacetā iva dvipaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca etat śrutvā mahārāja
dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ ambikāsutaḥ śokasya antam
apaśyan vai hatam matvā suyodhanam vihvalaḥ
patitaḥ bhūmau naṣṭacetāḥ iva dvipaḥ

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca mahārāja,
etat śrutvā ambikāsutaḥ dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ suyodhanam hatam matvā vai śokasya antam apaśyan vihvalaḥ naṣṭacetāḥ dvipaḥ iva bhūmau patitaḥ

1. Vaiśaṃpāyana said: "O great king, upon hearing this, Dhṛtarāṣṭra, the son of Ambikā, found no end to his grief (śoka), having considered Suyodhana slain. Distraught, he collapsed to the ground, like an elephant whose mind was lost, as if unconscious."

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एतत् (etat) - this

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• महाराज (mahārāja) - O king Janamejaya (O great king)

• धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

• अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - son of Ambikā

• शोकस्य (śokasya) - of sorrow, of grief (śoka)

• अन्तम् (antam) - end, conclusion

• अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - did not see, did not find

• वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

• हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

• मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, having realized

• सुयोधनम् (suyodhanam) - Suyodhana (another name for Duryodhana)

• विह्वलः (vihvalaḥ) - distraught, overwhelmed, agitated

• पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, collapsed

• भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

• नष्टचेताः (naṣṭacetāḥ) - whose mind is lost, unconscious, senseless

• इव (iva) - like, as if

• द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśaṃpāyana

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśaṃpāyana (a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Root: vac (class 2)

एतत् (etat) - this

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Root: śru (class 5)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form

महाराज (mahārāja) - O king Janamejaya (O great king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of mahārāja

mahārāja - great king, emperor

Compound type : karmadhāraya (mahat+rājan)

• mahat – great, mighty, large
  adjective (neuter)
• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)

धृतराष्ट्रः (dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ) - Dhṛtarāṣṭra

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dhṛtarāṣṭra

dhṛtarāṣṭra - Dhṛtarāṣṭra (proper name of the Kuru king)

अम्बिकासुतः (ambikāsutaḥ) - son of Ambikā

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ambikāsuta

ambikāsuta - son of Ambikā

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (ambikā+suta)

• ambikā – Ambikā (mother of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)
  proper noun (feminine)
• suta – son, child
  noun (masculine)

शोकस्य (śokasya) - of sorrow, of grief (śoka)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of śoka

śoka - sorrow, grief, anguish

अन्तम् (antam) - end, conclusion

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anta

anta - end, limit, boundary, edge

अपश्यन् (apaśyan) - did not see, did not find

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of dṛś

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Although typically 3rd plural, 'apaśyan' is used as 3rd singular in epic Sanskrit for 'apaśyat'.

वै (vai) - indeed, certainly

(indeclinable)

हतम् (hatam) - slain, killed

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of hata

hata - killed, slain, struck, injured

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'han' with suffix 'kta'

Root: han (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'suyodhanam'.

मत्वा (matvā) - having thought, having considered, having realized

(indeclinable)

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Absolutive (Gerund) form

सुयोधनम् (suyodhanam) - Suyodhana (another name for Duryodhana)

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of suyodhana

suyodhana - Suyodhana (a name for Duryodhana)

विह्वलः (vihvalaḥ) - distraught, overwhelmed, agitated

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vihvala

vihvala - agitated, confused, distraught, overwhelmed

Note: Agrees with 'Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

पतितः (patitaḥ) - fallen, collapsed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of patita

patita - fallen, descended, collapsed

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root 'pat' with suffix 'kta'

Root: pat (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

भूमौ (bhūmau) - on the ground, on the earth

(noun)

Locative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land

नष्टचेताः (naṣṭacetāḥ) - whose mind is lost, unconscious, senseless

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of naṣṭacetas

naṣṭacetas - having lost one's senses, unconscious

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (naṣṭa+cetas)

• naṣṭa – lost, destroyed, perished
  adjective (masculine)
  Past Passive Participle
  Derived from root 'naś' (to be lost, perish)
  Root: naś (class 4)
• cetas – mind, consciousness, intellect
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with 'Dhṛtarāṣṭraḥ'.

इव (iva) - like, as if

(indeclinable)

द्विपः (dvipaḥ) - elephant

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dvipa

dvipa - elephant (literally 'two-drinker', referring to its two trunks or tusks for drinking)