महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-6, chapter-6, verse-4

भूमिरापस्तथा वायुरग्निराकाशमेव च ।
गुणोत्तराणि सर्वाणि तेषां भूमिः प्रधानतः ॥४॥

4. bhūmirāpastathā vāyuragnirākāśameva ca ,
guṇottarāṇi sarvāṇi teṣāṁ bhūmiḥ pradhānataḥ.

4. bhūmiḥ āpaḥ tathā vāyuḥ agniḥ ākāśam eva ca
guṇottarāṇi sarvāṇi teṣām bhūmiḥ pradhānataḥ

4. bhūmiḥ,
āpaḥ,
tathā vāyuḥ,
agniḥ,
ākāśam eva ca sarvāṇi guṇottarāṇi [bhavanti].
teṣām bhūmiḥ pradhānataḥ [asti].

4. Earth (bhūmi), water, air, fire, and also ether (ākāśa) – all these elements are characterized by successively increasing qualities. Among them, earth is the most prominent.

Words meanings summery:

• भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth, ground, land

• आपः (āpaḥ) - water

• तथा (tathā) - and, likewise

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - air, wind

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

• आकाशम् (ākāśam) - ether, space, sky

• एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding word. (only, just, indeed)

• च (ca) - and, also

• गुणोत्तराणि (guṇottarāṇi) - Referring to the elements, where each succeeding element in the standard order (ākāśa to bhūmi) has an additional quality. (having successively superior or increasing qualities)

• सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - Refers to 'all' these five elements. (all, whole, entire)

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - Among the five great elements. (of them, among them)

• भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth

• प्रधानतः (pradhānataḥ) - Earth is the most significant or principal among the elements due to having the most qualities. (preeminently, chiefly, principally)

Words meanings and morphology

भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth, ground, land

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

आपः (āpaḥ) - water

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

तथा (tathā) - and, likewise

(indeclinable)

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - air, wind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - air, wind, breath

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire

आकाशम् (ākāśam) - ether, space, sky

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of ākāśa

ākāśa - ether, space, sky

From ā- + kāś (to shine, appear).

Prefix: ā

Root: kāś (class 1)

एव (eva) - Emphasizes the preceding word. (only, just, indeed)

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

गुणोत्तराणि (guṇottarāṇi) - Referring to the elements, where each succeeding element in the standard order (ākāśa to bhūmi) has an additional quality. (having successively superior or increasing qualities)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, plural of guṇottara

guṇottara - having successively superior qualities, succeeding in qualities, each following having additional qualities.

Compound of guṇa (quality) and uttara (superior, subsequent).

Compound type : Tatpuruṣa (guṇa+uttara)

• guṇa – quality, attribute, property, virtue
  noun (masculine)
• uttara – superior, later, subsequent, higher
  adjective (neuter)

सर्वाणि (sarvāṇi) - Refers to 'all' these five elements. (all, whole, entire)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of sarva

sarva - all, every, whole, entire

तेषाम् (teṣām) - Among the five great elements. (of them, among them)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

भूमिः (bhūmiḥ) - earth

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhūmi

bhūmi - earth, ground, land, soil

प्रधानतः (pradhānataḥ) - Earth is the most significant or principal among the elements due to having the most qualities. (preeminently, chiefly, principally)

(indeclinable)

From pradhāna (chief, principal) + tas (suffix forming adverbs).