महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-9, verse-4

स प्राप्य राजानममित्रतापनस्ततोऽब्रवीन्मेघमहौघनिःस्वनः ।
वैश्योऽस्मि नाम्नाहमरिष्टनेमिर्गोसंख्य आसं कुरुपुंगवानाम् ॥४॥

4. sa prāpya rājānamamitratāpana;stato'bravīnmeghamahaughaniḥsvanaḥ ,
vaiśyo'smi nāmnāhamariṣṭanemi;rgosaṁkhya āsaṁ kurupuṁgavānām.

4. saḥ prāpya rājānam amitratāpanaḥ
tataḥ abravīt meghamahaughaniḥsvanaḥ
| vaiśyaḥ asmi nāmnā aham ariṣṭanemiḥ
gosaṃkhyaḥ āsam kurupuṅgavānām

4. Having approached the king, who was a tormentor of foes, he then spoke with a voice like a great mass of clouds. 'I am a Vaiśya by the name of Ariṣṭanemi. I was formerly a cowherd for the foremost among the Kurus.'

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having approached

• राजानम् (rājānam) - king

• अमित्रतापनः (amitratāpanaḥ) - Refers to the king. (tormentor of enemies, causing pain to foes)

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

• मेघमहौघनिःस्वनः (meghamahaughaniḥsvanaḥ) - Refers to the speaker's voice. (with a roar like a mighty cloudburst, having a voice like a great mass of clouds)

• वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya (member of the third social class)

• अस्मि (asmi) - I am

• नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

• अहम् (aham) - I

• अरिष्टनेमिः (ariṣṭanemiḥ) - Ariṣṭanemi (a proper name)

• गोसंख्यः (gosaṁkhyaḥ) - cowherd, one who counts/tends cows

• आसम् (āsam) - I was

• कुरुपुङ्गवानाम् (kurupuṅgavānām) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas, who are the foremost among the Kuru dynasty. (of the best of Kurus, of the chief Kurus)

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

प्राप्य (prāpya) - having obtained, having reached, having approached

(indeclinable)

absolutive (gerund)

Derived from root 'āp' with prefix 'pra'

Prefix: pra

Root: āp (class 5)

राजानम् (rājānam) - king

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अमित्रतापनः (amitratāpanaḥ) - Refers to the king. (tormentor of enemies, causing pain to foes)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amitratāpana

amitratāpana - tormentor of enemies, afflicting foes

Compound of 'amitra' (enemy) and 'tāpana' (tormentor)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (amitra+tāpana)

• amitra – enemy, foe
  noun (masculine)
  Negative particle 'a' + 'mitra' (friend)
  Prefix: a
• tāpana – heating, burning, tormenting, afflicting
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'tap' (to heat, to torment)
  Root: tap (class 1)

Note: This adjective refers to the king (rājānam).

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

Derived from pronoun 'tad'

अब्रवीत् (abravīt) - he spoke, he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of brū

Root: brū (class 2)

मेघमहौघनिःस्वनः (meghamahaughaniḥsvanaḥ) - Refers to the speaker's voice. (with a roar like a mighty cloudburst, having a voice like a great mass of clouds)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of meghamahaughaniḥsvana

meghamahaughaniḥsvana - sound like a great mass of clouds, roar of a cloudburst

Bahuvrihi compound: 'megha' (cloud) + 'mahaugha' (great mass/flood) + 'niḥsvana' (sound/roar)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (megha+mahaugha+niḥsvana)

• megha – cloud
  noun (masculine)
  Root: megh (class 1)
• mahaugha – great mass, mighty flood
  noun (masculine)
  Compound of 'mahā' (great) + 'ogha' (mass, flood)
• niḥsvana – sound, noise, roar
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root 'svan' (to sound) with prefix 'nis'
  Prefix: nis
  Root: svan (class 1)

Note: Adjective describing 'saḥ' (he).

वैश्यः (vaiśyaḥ) - a Vaiśya (member of the third social class)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśya

vaiśya - a man of the third Vedic social class (traders, farmers, artisans)

Derived from 'viś' (settlement, community)

अस्मि (asmi) - I am

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

नाम्ना (nāmnā) - by name

(noun)

Instrumental, neuter, singular of nāman

nāman - name, appellation

अहम् (aham) - I

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of aham

aham - I

अरिष्टनेमिः (ariṣṭanemiḥ) - Ariṣṭanemi (a proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ariṣṭanemi

ariṣṭanemi - Ariṣṭanemi (proper name, 'whose felly is undisturbed' or 'whose calamity is removed')

Compound of 'ariṣṭa' (safe, prosperous) and 'nemi' (felly of a wheel, circumference)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (ariṣṭa+nemi)

• ariṣṭa – safe, unharmed, prosperous, an omen
  adjective (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  From root 'riṣ' (to injure) with negative prefix 'a'
  Prefix: a
  Root: riṣ (class 4)
• nemi – felly, circumference of a wheel
  noun (feminine)

गोसंख्यः (gosaṁkhyaḥ) - cowherd, one who counts/tends cows

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gosaṃkhya

gosaṁkhya - cowherd, one who tends or counts cows

Compound of 'go' (cow) and 'saṃkhya' (one who counts/tends)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (go+saṃkhya)

• go – cow, cattle
  noun (feminine)
• saṃkhya – counting, relating to number, one who counts
  adjective (masculine)
  Gerundive/Past Passive Participle (loosely)
  From root 'khyā' (to tell, to count) with prefix 'sam'
  Prefix: sam
  Root: khyā (class 2)

आसम् (āsam) - I was

(verb)

1st person , singular, active, past imperfect (laṅ) of as

Root: as (class 2)

कुरुपुङ्गवानाम् (kurupuṅgavānām) - Refers to the Pāṇḍavas, who are the foremost among the Kuru dynasty. (of the best of Kurus, of the chief Kurus)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of kurupuṅgava

kurupuṅgava - chief of the Kurus, best among the Kurus

Compound of 'kuru' (Kuru dynasty) and 'puṅgava' (bull, excellent, chief)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (kuru+puṅgava)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and his dynasty), a country
  proper noun (masculine)
• puṅgava – bull, chief, eminent, best
  noun (masculine)