महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-9, verse-15

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
तथा स राज्ञोऽविदितो विशां पते उवास तत्रैव सुखं नरेश्वरः ।
न चैनमन्येऽपि विदुः कथंचन प्रादाच्च तस्मै भरणं यथेप्सितम् ॥१५॥

15. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tathā sa rājño'vidito viśāṁ pate; uvāsa tatraiva sukhaṁ nareśvaraḥ ,
na cainamanye'pi viduḥ kathaṁcana; prādācca tasmai bharaṇaṁ yathepsitam.

15. vaiśampāyana uvāca | tathā saḥ rājñaḥ aviditaḥ
viśām pate uvāsa tatra eva sukham
nareśvaraḥ | na ca enam anye api viduḥ kathaṃcana
prādāt ca tasmai bharaṇam yathepsitam

15. Vaiśampāyana said: 'Thus, that lord of men (Yudhisthira), unknown to the king, lived happily there. Moreover, no one else recognized him at all. And the king provided him with the desired maintenance.'

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

• उवाच (uvāca) - he said

• तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

• सः (saḥ) - he (Yudhisthira) (he, that (masculine))

• राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Virata (of the king, by the king)

• अविदितः (aviditaḥ) - unknown (to the king) (unknown, unnoticed)

• विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

• पते (pate) - 'lord' (used as a nominative in apposition to Yudhisthira) (O lord, O master; to the lord, in the lord (locative))

• उवास (uvāsa) - he lived, he dwelt

• तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

• सुखम् (sukham) - happily, pleasantly, easily

• नरेश्वरः (nareśvaraḥ) - the king (Yudhisthira, in disguise) (lord of men, king)

• न (na) - not

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एनम् (enam) - him (Yudhisthira) (him (masculine accusative singular))

• अन्ये (anye) - others, other ones (masculine nominative plural)

• अपि (api) - also, even

• विदुः (viduḥ) - they recognized (they know, they understand)

• कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way, at all, somehow

• प्रादात् (prādāt) - he gave, he granted

• च (ca) - and, also

• तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (Yudhisthira) (to him, for him (masculine dative singular))

• भरणम् (bharaṇam) - maintenance, support, sustenance, nourishment

• यथेप्सितम् (yathepsitam) - as desired, according to wish

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The narrator of the Mahabharata. (Vaiśampāyana (proper name))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage, disciple of Vyāsa)

उवाच (uvāca) - he said

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect Active

from √vac (2nd class), perfect third person singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

तथा (tathā) - thus, so, in that manner

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - he (Yudhisthira) (he, that (masculine))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to Yudhisthira.

राज्ञः (rājñaḥ) - of King Virata (of the king, by the king)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

Note: Denotes possession or agent in passive sense ("unknown to the king").

अविदितः (aviditaḥ) - unknown (to the king) (unknown, unnoticed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avidita

avidita - unknown, unnoticed, not understood

Past Passive Participle (negated)

from a- (not) + vidita (known, from √vid)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+vidita)

• a – not, un-
  indeclinable
• vidita – known, understood
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from √vid (to know)
  Root: vid (class 2)

Note: Agrees with saḥ (Yudhisthira).

विशाम् (viśām) - of the people, of the subjects

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of viś

viś - people, subjects, community, clan

Root: viś (class 6)

Note: Used in compounds like `viśāmpati` (lord of the people).

पते (pate) - 'lord' (used as a nominative in apposition to Yudhisthira) (O lord, O master; to the lord, in the lord (locative))

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pati

pati - lord, master, husband, ruler

Root: pā (class 2)

Note: In apposition to 'saḥ' and 'nareśvaraḥ'.

उवास (uvāsa) - he lived, he dwelt

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vas

Perfect Active

from √vas (1st class)

Root: vas (class 1)

तत्र (tatra) - there, in that place

(indeclinable)

एव (eva) - indeed, only, just

(indeclinable)

सुखम् (sukham) - happily, pleasantly, easily

(indeclinable)

Note: adverbial use

नरेश्वरः (nareśvaraḥ) - the king (Yudhisthira, in disguise) (lord of men, king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of nareśvara

nareśvara - lord of men, king, ruler

Tatpurusha compound: nara (man) + īśvara (lord)

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+īśvara)

• nara – man, person, human being
  noun (masculine)
• īśvara – lord, master, ruler, god
  noun (masculine)
  from √īś (to rule, to own)
  Root: īś (class 2)

न (na) - not

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एनम् (enam) - him (Yudhisthira) (him (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of ena

ena - this, that (demonstrative pronoun)

Note: Object of viduḥ.

अन्ये (anye) - others, other ones (masculine nominative plural)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of anya

anya - other, another, different

Note: Subject of viduḥ.

अपि (api) - also, even

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphasizes 'even others'.

विदुः (viduḥ) - they recognized (they know, they understand)

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, present (laṭ) of vid

Present Active

from √vid (2nd class, 'adādi')

Root: vid (class 2)

कथंचन (kathaṁcana) - in any way, at all, somehow

(indeclinable)

kathaṃ (how) + cana (particle of indefiniteness/negation)

प्रादात् (prādāt) - he gave, he granted

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of pradā

Aorist Active

from pra- + √dā (3rd class)

Prefix: pra

Root: dā (class 3)

Note: Subject is the king (Virata).

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तस्मै (tasmai) - to him (Yudhisthira) (to him, for him (masculine dative singular))

(pronoun)

Dative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Indirect object.

भरणम् (bharaṇam) - maintenance, support, sustenance, nourishment

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of bharaṇa

bharaṇa - carrying, bearing, maintaining, support, sustenance

from √bhṛ (to bear, support)

Root: bhṛ (class 1)

Note: Direct object.

यथेप्सितम् (yathepsitam) - as desired, according to wish

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of yathepsita

yathepsita - as desired, according to one's wish

Avyayībhāva compound: yathā (as) + īpsita (desired, PPP from √āp + desiderative)

Compound type : avyayībhāva (yathā+īpsita)

• yathā – as, just as, according to
  indeclinable
• īpsita – desired, wished for, longed for
  adjective
  Past Passive Participle
  from desiderative of āp (to obtain) -> īps (to wish to obtain) -> īpsita (desired)
  Root: āp (class 5)

Note: Agrees with bharaṇam.