महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-9, verse-2

तमायान्तमभिप्रेक्ष्य भ्राजमानं नरर्षभम् ।
समुपस्थाय वै राजा पप्रच्छ कुरुनन्दनम् ॥२॥

2. tamāyāntamabhiprekṣya bhrājamānaṁ nararṣabham ,
samupasthāya vai rājā papraccha kurunandanam.

2. tam āyāntam abhiprekṣya bhrājamānam nararṣabham
samupasthāya vai rājā papraccha kurunandanam

2. Having observed that eminent man approaching, shining brightly, King Virāṭa then went near him and questioned the delight of the Kurus (Sahadeva).

Words meanings summery:

• तम् (tam) - Refers to Sahadeva, who was approaching King Virāṭa. (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

• आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - Sahadeva, who was moving towards the king. (approaching, coming (present active participle))

• अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - King Virāṭa having carefully observed Sahadeva as he approached. (having seen, having observed)

• भ्राजमानम् (bhrājamānam) - Sahadeva, who, despite his humble disguise, had a radiant and noble appearance. (shining, glittering, resplendent (present middle participle))

• नरर्षभम् (nararṣabham) - Describing Sahadeva as a distinguished and excellent man, despite his disguise. (bull among men, eminent man, best of men (accusative))

• समुपस्थाय (samupasthāya) - King Virāṭa having approached Sahadeva after observing him. (having approached, having stood near, having waited upon)

• वै (vai) - An emphatic particle, highlighting the king's action. (indeed, verily, surely)

• राजा (rājā) - King Virāṭa, the ruler of the Matsya kingdom. (king)

• पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - King Virāṭa questioned Sahadeva about his identity and purpose. (asked, questioned)

• कुरुनन्दनम् (kurunandanam) - Refers to Sahadeva, a member of the Kuru dynasty (Pāṇḍavas). (delight of the Kurus, son of the Kurus (accusative))

Words meanings and morphology

तम् (tam) - Refers to Sahadeva, who was approaching King Virāṭa. (him, that (masculine accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, him

आयान्तम् (āyāntam) - Sahadeva, who was moving towards the king. (approaching, coming (present active participle))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of āyāt

āyāt - approaching, coming

Present Active Participle

From prefix ā- + root √yā (to go) + -at suffix

Prefix: ā

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

अभिप्रेक्ष्य (abhiprekṣya) - King Virāṭa having carefully observed Sahadeva as he approached. (having seen, having observed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From prefixes abhi- + pra- + root √īkṣ (to see) + -ya suffix (absolutive)

Prefixes: abhi+pra

Root: īkṣ (class 1)

Note: From abhi-pra-√īkṣ.

भ्राजमानम् (bhrājamānam) - Sahadeva, who, despite his humble disguise, had a radiant and noble appearance. (shining, glittering, resplendent (present middle participle))

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of bhrājamāna

bhrājamāna - shining, glittering, resplendent

Present Middle Participle

From root √bhrāj (to shine) + -māna suffix

Root: bhrāj (class 1)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

नरर्षभम् (nararṣabham) - Describing Sahadeva as a distinguished and excellent man, despite his disguise. (bull among men, eminent man, best of men (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, eminent man, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ṛṣabha)

• nara – man, person
  noun (masculine)
• ṛṣabha – bull, chief, eminent, best
  noun (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'tam'.

समुपस्थाय (samupasthāya) - King Virāṭa having approached Sahadeva after observing him. (having approached, having stood near, having waited upon)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From prefixes sam- + upa- + root √sthā (to stand) + -ya suffix (absolutive)

Prefixes: sam+upa

Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: From sam-upa-√sthā.

वै (vai) - An emphatic particle, highlighting the king's action. (indeed, verily, surely)

(indeclinable)

Note: Emphatic particle.

राजा (rājā) - King Virāṭa, the ruler of the Matsya kingdom. (king)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

पप्रच्छ (papraccha) - King Virāṭa questioned Sahadeva about his identity and purpose. (asked, questioned)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of prach

Perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: prach (class 6)

Note: Root √prach.

कुरुनन्दनम् (kurunandanam) - Refers to Sahadeva, a member of the Kuru dynasty (Pāṇḍavas). (delight of the Kurus, son of the Kurus (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of kurunandana

kurunandana - delight of the Kurus, son of the Kurus

Compound type : tatpurusha (kuru+nandana)

• kuru – Kuru (name of an ancient king and dynasty)
  proper noun (masculine)
• nandana – son, child, delight
  noun (masculine)
  Root: nand (class 1)

Note: Refers to Sahadeva.