महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-9, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
सहदेवोऽपि गोपानां कृत्वा वेषमनुत्तमम् ।
भाषां चैषां समास्थाय विराटमुपयादथ ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
sahadevo'pi gopānāṁ kṛtvā veṣamanuttamam ,
bhāṣāṁ caiṣāṁ samāsthāya virāṭamupayādatha.

1. vaiśampāyana uvāca sahadevaḥ api gopānām kṛtvā veṣam
anuttamam bhāṣām ca eṣām samāsthāya virāṭam upayāt atha

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Sahadeva also, having adopted an excellent disguise as one of the cowherds and having mastered their language, then approached King Virāṭa.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - The youngest of the Pāṇḍava brothers, known for his wisdom and skill with cattle. (Sahadeva (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas))

• अपि (api) - Indicates that Sahadeva, like his brothers, also adopted a disguise. (also, even, too)

• गोपानाम् (gopānām) - Referring to the community of cowherds in the kingdom of Virāṭa, whose dress and language Sahadeva adopted. (of the cowherds, of the protectors of cows)

• कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - Sahadeva having adopted or taken on a disguise. (having done, having made, having performed, having adopted)

• वेषम् (veṣam) - The particular attire of a cowherd, used as a means of concealment. (dress, garb, disguise)

• अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - An excellent or perfect disguise, meaning it would be effective for their hidden year. (unsurpassed, excellent, best)

• भाषाम् (bhāṣām) - The specific dialect or manner of speaking of the cowherds. (language, speech, dialect)

• च (ca) - and, also, moreover

• एषाम् (eṣām) - Of these cowherds mentioned by 'gopānām'. (of these (masculine/neuter genitive plural))

• समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - Sahadeva having completely adopted or mastered the language of the cowherds. (having adopted, having taken up, having assumed)

• विराटम् (virāṭam) - King Virāṭa, whom Sahadeva approached to serve. (Virāṭa (accusative))

• उपयात् (upayāt) - Sahadeva approached King Virāṭa to offer his services. (approached, went towards)

• अथ (atha) - Indicating the sequence of events, after adopting the disguise and language. (then, thereupon, now)

Words meanings and morphology

वैशम्पायन (vaiśampāyana) - The sage Vaiśampāyana, narrator of the Mahābhārata to King Janamejaya. (Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśampāyana

vaiśampāyana - Vaiśampāyana (name of a sage)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect active 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

सहदेवः (sahadevaḥ) - The youngest of the Pāṇḍava brothers, known for his wisdom and skill with cattle. (Sahadeva (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sahadeva

sahadeva - Sahadeva (name of one of the Pāṇḍavas)

अपि (api) - Indicates that Sahadeva, like his brothers, also adopted a disguise. (also, even, too)

(indeclinable)

गोपानाम् (gopānām) - Referring to the community of cowherds in the kingdom of Virāṭa, whose dress and language Sahadeva adopted. (of the cowherds, of the protectors of cows)

(noun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of gopa

gopa - cowherd, protector of cows

Root: gup (class 1)

कृत्वा (kṛtvā) - Sahadeva having adopted or taken on a disguise. (having done, having made, having performed, having adopted)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From root √kṛ (to do, make) + -tvā suffix

Root: kṛ (class 8)

वेषम् (veṣam) - The particular attire of a cowherd, used as a means of concealment. (dress, garb, disguise)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of veṣa

veṣa - dress, garb, costume, disguise

Root: viś (class 6)

अनुत्तमम् (anuttamam) - An excellent or perfect disguise, meaning it would be effective for their hidden year. (unsurpassed, excellent, best)

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of anuttama

anuttama - unsurpassed, excellent, best

Negative prefix an- + uttáma (highest)

Compound type : bahuvrihi (an+uttama)

• an – not, un-
  indeclinable
• uttama – highest, best, principal
  adjective (masculine)
  Superlative of ud (up)
  Prefix: ud

Note: Agrees with 'veṣam'.

भाषाम् (bhāṣām) - The specific dialect or manner of speaking of the cowherds. (language, speech, dialect)

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of bhāṣā

bhāṣā - language, speech, dialect

Root: bhāṣ (class 1)

च (ca) - and, also, moreover

(indeclinable)

एषाम् (eṣām) - Of these cowherds mentioned by 'gopānām'. (of these (masculine/neuter genitive plural))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

Note: Refers to 'gopānām'.

समास्थाय (samāsthāya) - Sahadeva having completely adopted or mastered the language of the cowherds. (having adopted, having taken up, having assumed)

(indeclinable)

absolutive

From prefixes sam- + ā- + root √sthā (to stand) + -ya suffix (absolutive)

Prefixes: sam+ā

Root: sthā (class 1)

विराटम् (virāṭam) - King Virāṭa, whom Sahadeva approached to serve. (Virāṭa (accusative))

(proper noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of virāṭa

virāṭa - Virāṭa (name of a king)

उपयात् (upayāt) - Sahadeva approached King Virāṭa to offer his services. (approached, went towards)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, aorist (luṅ) of upa-yā

Aorist 3rd person singular

Prefix: upa

Root: yā (class 2)

Note: Root √yā with upasarga 'upa'.

अथ (atha) - Indicating the sequence of events, after adopting the disguise and language. (then, thereupon, now)

(indeclinable)