महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-9, verse-3

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कस्य वा त्वं कुतो वा त्वं किं वा तात चिकीर्षसि ।
न हि मे दृष्टपूर्वस्त्वं तत्त्वं ब्रूहि नरर्षभ ॥३॥

3. kasya vā tvaṁ kuto vā tvaṁ kiṁ vā tāta cikīrṣasi ,
na hi me dṛṣṭapūrvastvaṁ tattvaṁ brūhi nararṣabha.

3. kasya vā tvam kutaḥ vā tvam kim vā tāta cikīrṣasi
na hi me dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ tvam tattvam brūhi nararṣabha

3. Or whose son are you? Or from where do you come? And what, dear one, do you wish to do? For indeed, I have never seen you before. O eminent man, tell me the truth!

Words meanings summery:

(Scroll down for elaborated words morphology)

कस्य (kasya) - King Virāṭa asks Sahadeva about his lineage or master. (of whom, whose (genitive singular masculine/neuter))

वा (vā) - Introducing alternative questions in a series. (or, either)

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Sahadeva, addressed by King Virāṭa. (you (nominative singular))

कुतः (kutaḥ) - King Virāṭa asks about Sahadeva's place of origin. (whence, from where)

वा (vā) - Introducing alternative questions in a series. (or, either)

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Sahadeva. (you (nominative singular))

किम् (kim) - King Virāṭa asks Sahadeva about his purpose or intention. (what (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

वा (vā) - Introducing alternative questions in a series. (or, either)

तात (tāta) - An affectionate address used by an elder (King Virāṭa) to a younger person (Sahadeva). (dear one, father, son (vocative))

चिकीर्षसि (cikīrṣasi) - King Virāṭa asking Sahadeva what he intends to do in his kingdom. (you wish to do, you desire to make)

न (na) - not, no

हि (hi) - Introduces the reason for the king's questioning: he has never seen Sahadeva before. (for, because, indeed)

मे (me) - Functions as the agent with the past passive participle 'dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ', meaning 'by me'. (by me (dative/genitive singular of 'I'))

दृष्टपूर्वः (dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ) - The king states that Sahadeva has never been observed by him in the past. (seen before, previously seen (masculine nominative singular))

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Sahadeva. (you (nominative singular))

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - The king asks Sahadeva to reveal his true identity and purpose, not merely his disguise. (truth, reality, essence (accusative))

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - The king commands Sahadeva to speak candidly. (tell, say (imperative))

नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - An honorific address by King Virāṭa to Sahadeva, acknowledging his noble bearing despite his disguise. (O bull among men, O eminent man (vocative))

Words meanings and morphology

कस्य (kasya) - King Virāṭa asks Sahadeva about his lineage or master. (of whom, whose (genitive singular masculine/neuter))

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

वा (vā) - Introducing alternative questions in a series. (or, either)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Sahadeva, addressed by King Virāṭa. (you (nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

कुतः (kutaḥ) - King Virāṭa asks about Sahadeva's place of origin. (whence, from where)

(indeclinable)

वा (vā) - Introducing alternative questions in a series. (or, either)

(indeclinable)

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Sahadeva. (you (nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

किम् (kim) - King Virāṭa asks Sahadeva about his purpose or intention. (what (neuter nominative/accusative singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of kim

kim - who, what, which

Note: Functions as direct object of 'cikīrṣasi'.

वा (vā) - Introducing alternative questions in a series. (or, either)

(indeclinable)

तात (tāta) - An affectionate address used by an elder (King Virāṭa) to a younger person (Sahadeva). (dear one, father, son (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of tāta

tāta - dear one, father, son

चिकीर्षसि (cikīrṣasi) - King Virāṭa asking Sahadeva what he intends to do in his kingdom. (you wish to do, you desire to make)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, present (lat) of cikīrṣ

Desiderative verb, present active 2nd person singular

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: From desiderative of √kṛ.

न (na) - not, no

(indeclinable)

हि (hi) - Introduces the reason for the king's questioning: he has never seen Sahadeva before. (for, because, indeed)

(indeclinable)

Note: Explanatory particle.

मे (me) - Functions as the agent with the past passive participle 'dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ', meaning 'by me'. (by me (dative/genitive singular of 'I'))

(pronoun)

Dative, singular of aham

aham - I, me

Note: Functions as dative of agent with past passive participle.

दृष्टपूर्वः (dṛṣṭapūrvaḥ) - The king states that Sahadeva has never been observed by him in the past. (seen before, previously seen (masculine nominative singular))

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dṛṣṭapūrva

dṛṣṭapūrva - seen before, previously seen

Compound type : tatpurusha (dṛṣṭa+pūrva)

dṛṣṭa – seen, perceived
adjective
Past Passive Participle
From root √dṛś (to see) + -ta suffix
Root: dṛś (class 1)
pūrva – before, previous, former
adjective (masculine)

Note: Agrees with 'tvam'.

त्वम् (tvam) - Refers to Sahadeva. (you (nominative singular))

(pronoun)

Nominative, singular of yuṣmad

yuṣmad - you

तत्त्वम् (tattvam) - The king asks Sahadeva to reveal his true identity and purpose, not merely his disguise. (truth, reality, essence (accusative))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tattva

tattva - truth, reality, essence, principle

Note: Direct object of 'brūhi'.

ब्रूहि (brūhi) - The king commands Sahadeva to speak candidly. (tell, say (imperative))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of brū

Imperative active 2nd person singular

Root: brū (class 2)

Note: An irregular verb.

नरर्षभ (nararṣabha) - An honorific address by King Virāṭa to Sahadeva, acknowledging his noble bearing despite his disguise. (O bull among men, O eminent man (vocative))

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of nararṣabha

nararṣabha - bull among men, eminent man, best of men

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+ṛṣabha)