महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-47, verse-13

संप्रवृत्ते तु संग्रामे भावाभावौ जयाजयौ ।
अवश्यमेकं स्पृशतो दृष्टमेतदसंशयम् ॥१३॥

13. saṁpravṛtte tu saṁgrāme bhāvābhāvau jayājayau ,
avaśyamekaṁ spṛśato dṛṣṭametadasaṁśayam.

13. sampravṛtte tu saṃgrāme bhāvābhāvau jayājayau
avaśyam ekam spṛśataḥ dṛṣṭam etat asaṃśayam

13. Indeed, once a battle has fully commenced, the dualities of life and death, and victory and defeat, will inevitably pertain to one side. This is observed beyond a doubt.

Words meanings summery:

• सम्प्रवृत्ते (sampravṛtte) - when it has fully commenced (when fully commenced, when thoroughly begun)

• तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizes the statement (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

• संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

• भावाभावौ (bhāvābhāvau) - life and death (as outcomes of war) (existence and non-existence, being and non-being)

• जयाजयौ (jayājayau) - victory and defeat

• अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - inevitably (certainly, inevitably, necessarily)

• एकम् (ekam) - one (of the two alternatives) (one, a single)

• स्पृशतः (spṛśataḥ) - they will pertain to/affect (they touch, they reach, they affect)

• दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - this is observed/a known fact (seen, observed)

• एतत् (etat) - this (fact) (this, this fact)

• असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - beyond a doubt (without doubt, certainly)

Words meanings and morphology

सम्प्रवृत्ते (sampravṛtte) - when it has fully commenced (when fully commenced, when thoroughly begun)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of sampravṛtta

sampravṛtta - fully commenced, thoroughly begun, happened

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `vṛt` (class 1) with prefixes `sam` and `pra`, `kta` suffix.

Prefixes: sam+pra

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Refers to `saṃgrāme`.

तु (tu) - indeed, emphasizes the statement (but, indeed, yet, on the other hand)

(indeclinable)

संग्रामे (saṁgrāme) - in battle (in battle, in war)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of saṃgrāma

saṁgrāma - battle, war, encounter

Note: The noun in the locative absolute construction.

भावाभावौ (bhāvābhāvau) - life and death (as outcomes of war) (existence and non-existence, being and non-being)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of bhāvābhāva

bhāvābhāva - existence and non-existence, being and non-being

Dvandva compound of `bhāva` and `abhāva`.

Compound type : dvandva (bhāva+abhāva)

• bhāva – existence, state, being, feeling
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `bhū` (to be).
  Root: bhū (class 1)
• abhāva – non-existence, non-being, absence, death
  noun (masculine)
  Negative particle 'a' + `bhāva`.

Note: Subject (one of two) of `spṛśataḥ`.

जयाजयौ (jayājayau) - victory and defeat

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, dual of jayājaya

jayājaya - victory and defeat

Dvandva compound of `jaya` and `ajaya`.

Compound type : dvandva (jaya+ajaya)

• jaya – victory, triumph, conquest
  noun (masculine)
  Derived from root `ji` (to conquer).
  Root: ji (class 1)
• ajaya – defeat, unconquered state, non-victory
  noun (masculine)
  Negative particle 'a' + `jaya`.

Note: Subject (one of two) of `spṛśataḥ`.

अवश्यम् (avaśyam) - inevitably (certainly, inevitably, necessarily)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle 'a' + `vaśya` (obedient/under control).

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying `spṛśataḥ`.

एकम् (ekam) - one (of the two alternatives) (one, a single)

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of eka

eka - one, single, solitary

Note: Object of `spṛśataḥ` in a general sense, meaning one outcome will be experienced.

स्पृशतः (spṛśataḥ) - they will pertain to/affect (they touch, they reach, they affect)

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of spṛś

Present tense, active voice, 3rd person dual

From root `spṛś` (class 6).

Root: spṛś (class 6)

दृष्टम् (dṛṣṭam) - this is observed/a known fact (seen, observed)

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of dṛṣṭa

dṛṣṭa - seen, observed, perceived

Past Passive Participle

Derived from root `dṛś` with `kta` suffix.

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: Functions as a predicate.

एतत् (etat) - this (fact) (this, this fact)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this

Note: Subject of `dṛṣṭam`.

असंशयम् (asaṁśayam) - beyond a doubt (without doubt, certainly)

(indeclinable)

Negative particle 'a' + `saṃśaya`.

Note: Functions as an adverb modifying `dṛṣṭam`.