महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-25, verse-4

अस्य वर्षस्य शेषं चेद्व्यतीयुरिह पाण्डवाः ।
निवृत्तसमयास्ते हि सत्यव्रतपरायणाः ॥४॥

4. asya varṣasya śeṣaṁ cedvyatīyuriha pāṇḍavāḥ ,
nivṛttasamayāste hi satyavrataparāyaṇāḥ.

4. asya varṣasya śeṣam cet vi-ati-īyuḥ iha pāṇḍavāḥ
nivṛtta samayāḥ te hi satyavrata parāyaṇāḥ

4. If the Pāṇḍavas successfully complete the remainder of this year here, then their period of exile will have ended, for they are indeed dedicated to their vows of truth (satyavrata).

Words meanings summery:

• अस्य (asya) - of this

• वर्षस्य (varṣasya) - of the year

• शेषम् (śeṣam) - remainder, residue, rest

• चेत् (cet) - if

• वि-अति-ईयुः (vi-ati-īyuḥ) - they should pass, they should overcome

• इह (iha) - here, in this world/place

• पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

• निवृत्त (nivṛtta) - finished, returned, ceased

• समयाः (samayāḥ) - whose term/pledge is completed, whose time is over

• ते (te) - they

• हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

• सत्यव्रत (satyavrata) - devoted to vows of truth

• परायणाः (parāyaṇāḥ) - solely devoted to, having as their ultimate goal

Words meanings and morphology

अस्य (asya) - of this

(pronoun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of idam

idam - this, here

Note: Agrees with varṣasya.

वर्षस्य (varṣasya) - of the year

(noun)

Genitive, neuter, singular of varṣa

varṣa - year, rain, monsoon

शेषम् (śeṣam) - remainder, residue, rest

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of śeṣa

śeṣa - remainder, residue, rest

Root: śiṣ (class 7)

चेत् (cet) - if

(indeclinable)

Note: Follows the word it modifies.

वि-अति-ईयुः (vi-ati-īyuḥ) - they should pass, they should overcome

(verb)

3rd person , plural, active, optative (vidhiliṅ) of vi-ati-ī

Optative Active

From √i with upasargas vi and ati, Optative 3rd person plural

Prefixes: vi+ati

Root: i (class 2)

Note: Sandhi: vi + ati + īyuḥ = vyatīyuḥ (yaṇ sandhi twice).

इह (iha) - here, in this world/place

(indeclinable)

पाण्डवाः (pāṇḍavāḥ) - the Pāṇḍavas

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pāṇḍava

pāṇḍava - descendant of Pāṇḍu, the Pāṇḍavas

Patronymic from Pāṇḍu

Note: Subject of the sentence.

निवृत्त (nivṛtta) - finished, returned, ceased

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of nivṛtta

nivṛtta - turned back, retired, ceased, accomplished, completed

Past Passive Participle

From √vṛt with upasarga ni, Past Passive Participle

Prefix: ni

Root: vṛt (class 1)

Note: Part of the Bahuvrihi compound.

समयाः (samayāḥ) - whose term/pledge is completed, whose time is over

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of samaya

samaya - agreement, convention, appointed time, term, condition

Note: Forms the compound nivṛttasamayāḥ (Bahuvrihi, "whose term/time is finished").

ते (te) - they

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the Pāṇḍavas.

हि (hi) - indeed, because, for

(indeclinable)

Note: Provides emphasis or justification.

सत्यव्रत (satyavrata) - devoted to vows of truth

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of satyavrata

satyavrata - one whose vow is truth, devoted to truth, truthful

Compound type : bahuvrihi (satya+vrata)

• satya – truth, true, real
  noun (neuter)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

Note: Part of the compound satyavrataparāyaṇāḥ.

परायणाः (parāyaṇāḥ) - solely devoted to, having as their ultimate goal

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of parāyaṇa

parāyaṇa - chief object, ultimate aim, entirely devoted to, intent on

Note: Forms the compound satyavrataparāyaṇāḥ (Bahuvrihi, "whose ultimate goal/devotion is the vow of truth").