महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-25, verse-1

वैशंपायन उवाच ।
ततो दुर्योधनो राजा श्रुत्वा तेषां वचस्तदा ।
चिरमन्तर्मना भूत्वा प्रत्युवाच सभासदः ॥१॥

1. vaiśaṁpāyana uvāca ,
tato duryodhano rājā śrutvā teṣāṁ vacastadā ,
ciramantarmanā bhūtvā pratyuvāca sabhāsadaḥ.

1. vaiśaṃpāyanaḥ uvāca tataḥ duryodhanaḥ rājā śrutvā teṣām
vacaḥ tadā ciram antarmanā bhūtvā pratyuvāca sabhāsadaḥ

1. Vaiśampāyana said: Then, King Duryodhana, after hearing their words, pondered deeply for a long time within himself before replying to the assembly members.

Words meanings summery:

• वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

• दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

• राजा (rājā) - king

• श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - referring to the spies/informants (of them, their)

• वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

• तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

• चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

• अन्तर्मना (antarmanā) - deep in thought, reflecting within

• भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

• सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - to the assembly members, to the courtiers

Words meanings and morphology

वैशंपायनः (vaiśaṁpāyanaḥ) - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vaiśaṃpāyana

vaiśaṁpāyana - Vaiśampāyana (a sage, narrator of the Mahābhārata)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of vac

Perfect Active

From √vac, Perfect 3rd person singular

Root: vac (class 2)

ततः (tataḥ) - then, therefrom, afterwards

(indeclinable)

दुर्योधनः (duryodhanaḥ) - Duryodhana (proper name)

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of duryodhana

duryodhana - Duryodhana (eldest son of Dhṛtarāṣṭra)

राजा (rājā) - king

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, sovereign

श्रुत्वा (śrutvā) - having heard

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From √śru, Absolutive suffix -tvā

Root: śru (class 5)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - referring to the spies/informants (of them, their)

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the informants who just reported.

वचः (vacaḥ) - word, speech, statement

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of vacas

vacas - word, speech, statement

तदा (tadā) - then, at that time

(indeclinable)

चिरम् (ciram) - for a long time

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial accusative.

अन्तर्मना (antarmanā) - deep in thought, reflecting within

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of antarmanas

antarmanas - deep in thought, having one's mind within

Compound type : bahuvrihi (antar+manas)

• antar – within, internal
  indeclinable
• manas – mind, intellect, thought
  noun (neuter)

Note: From antarmanas, nominative singular masculine form.

भूत्वा (bhūtvā) - having become

(indeclinable)

Absolutive/Gerund

From √bhū, Absolutive suffix -tvā

Root: bhū (class 1)

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - replied, answered

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (liṭ) of prati-vac

Perfect Active

From √vac with upasarga prati, Perfect 3rd person singular

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Sandhi prati + uvāca = pratyuvāca (by yaṇ sandhi)

सभासदः (sabhāsadaḥ) - to the assembly members, to the courtiers

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sabhāsad

sabhāsad - assembly member, courtier

Compound type : tatpurusha (sabhā+sad)

• sabhā – assembly, council, court
  noun (feminine)
• sad – sitting, residing, member
  noun (masculine)
  From √sad 'to sit'
  Root: sad (class 1)

Note: The form sabhāsadaḥ can be nominative plural or accusative plural. Here, it is accusative plural, as the object of 'replied'.