महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-4, chapter-16, verse-10

तस्मिञ्जीवति पापिष्ठे सेनावाहे मम द्विषि ।
तत्कर्म कृतवत्यद्य कथं निद्रां निषेवसे ॥१०॥

10. tasmiñjīvati pāpiṣṭhe senāvāhe mama dviṣi ,
tatkarma kṛtavatyadya kathaṁ nidrāṁ niṣevase.

10. tasmin jīvati pāpiṣṭhe senāvāhe mama dviṣi
tat karma kṛtavati adya katham nidrām niṣevase

10. “My enemy, that most wicked leader of the army, still lives after having committed such an act today. How can you indulge in sleep?”

Words meanings summery:

• तस्मिन् (tasmin) - while that (locative absolute construction) (in that, on that, to that, when that)

• जीवति (jīvati) - while he lives (while living, in living)

• पापिष्ठे (pāpiṣṭhe) - that most wicked (one) (in the most wicked, to the most wicked)

• सेनावाहे (senāvāhe) - the leader of the army (in the army leader, in the commander)

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• द्विषि (dviṣi) - my enemy (in the enemy, to the enemy)

• तत् (tat) - such (a) (that, such)

• कर्म (karma) - deed, act (action, deed, ritual (karma))

• कृतवति (kṛtavati) - having committed (having done, having performed)

• अद्य (adya) - today, now

• कथम् (katham) - how (interrogative adverb) (how, in what manner, why)

• निद्राम् (nidrām) - sleep, slumber

• निषेवसे (niṣevase) - you indulge in (you enjoy, you indulge in, you serve)

Words meanings and morphology

तस्मिन् (tasmin) - while that (locative absolute construction) (in that, on that, to that, when that)

(pronoun)

Locative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction with jīvati, pāpiṣṭhe, senāvāhe, dviṣi.

जीवति (jīvati) - while he lives (while living, in living)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of jīvat

jīvat - living, alive, a living being

Present Active Participle

Derived from root jīv- ('to live')

Root: jīv (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction. Refers to the enemy.

पापिष्ठे (pāpiṣṭhe) - that most wicked (one) (in the most wicked, to the most wicked)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of pāpiṣṭha

pāpiṣṭha - most wicked, most sinful

Superlative suffix

Superlative suffix -iṣṭha applied to pāpa (wicked).

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, describing the enemy.

सेनावाहे (senāvāhe) - the leader of the army (in the army leader, in the commander)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of senāvāha

senāvāha - leader of an army, general, commander

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (senā+vāha)

• senā – army, host, weapon
  noun (feminine)
• vāha – bearer, carrier, leader
  noun (masculine)
  From root vah- ('to carry, lead')
  Root: vah (class 1)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction, referring to the enemy (e.g., Duryodhana).

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I

Note: Possessive pronoun, 'my enemy'.

द्विषि (dviṣi) - my enemy (in the enemy, to the enemy)

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of dviṣ

dviṣ - enemy, hater

Root: dviṣ (class 2)

Note: Part of a locative absolute construction.

तत् (tat) - such (a) (that, such)

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Adjective modifying karma.

कर्म (karma) - deed, act (action, deed, ritual (karma))

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of karma

karma - action, deed, work, ritual (karma)

From root kṛ- ('to do')

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Object of kṛtavati.

कृतवति (kṛtavati) - having committed (having done, having performed)

(adjective)

Locative, masculine, singular of kṛtavat

kṛtavat - having done, having performed

Past Active Participle

Derived from root kṛ- ('to do') with suffix -vat

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Part of the locative absolute construction, referring to the enemy. 'kṛtavati' is locative singular of a masculine noun stem ending in -vat.

अद्य (adya) - today, now

(indeclinable)

कथम् (katham) - how (interrogative adverb) (how, in what manner, why)

(indeclinable)

निद्राम् (nidrām) - sleep, slumber

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of nidrā

nidrā - sleep, slumber, inertness

Note: Object of niṣevase.

निषेवसे (niṣevase) - you indulge in (you enjoy, you indulge in, you serve)

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of ni-sev

Prefix: ni

Root: sev (class 1)