महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-201, verse-16

महाभूतानि खं वायुरग्निरापस्तथा च भूः ।
शब्दः स्पर्शश्च रूपं च रसो गन्धश्च तद्गुणाः ॥१६॥

16. mahābhūtāni khaṁ vāyuragnirāpastathā ca bhūḥ ,
śabdaḥ sparśaśca rūpaṁ ca raso gandhaśca tadguṇāḥ.

16. mahābhūtāni kham vāyuḥ agniḥ āpaḥ tathā ca bhūḥ
śabdaḥ sparśaḥ ca rūpam ca rasaḥ gandhaḥ ca tadguṇāḥ

16. The great elements are space, air, fire, water, and earth. Sound, touch, form, taste, and smell are their respective qualities.

Words meanings summery:

• महाभूतानि (mahābhūtāni) - the great elements

• खम् (kham) - ether, space

• वायुः (vāyuḥ) - air, wind

• अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

• आपः (āpaḥ) - waters

• तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

• च (ca) - and, also

• भूः (bhūḥ) - earth

• शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, word

• स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch, contact

• च (ca) - and, also

• रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, color

• च (ca) - and, also

• रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, flavor, juice

• गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell, odor, fragrance

• च (ca) - and, also

• तद्गुणाः (tadguṇāḥ) - their qualities

Words meanings and morphology

महाभूतानि (mahābhūtāni) - the great elements

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, plural of mahābhūta

mahābhūta - great element (ether, air, fire, water, earth)

Compound type : karma-dhāraya (mahā+bhūta)

• mahā – great, large
  adjective
• bhūta – element, being, past
  noun (neuter)
  Past Passive Participle
  √bhū (to be, exist) + -ta
  Root: bhū (class 1)

खम् (kham) - ether, space

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kha

kha - ether, space, sky, zero

वायुः (vāyuḥ) - air, wind

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vāyu

vāyu - air, wind, vital air

अग्निः (agniḥ) - fire

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of agni

agni - fire, sacrificial fire, god of fire

आपः (āpaḥ) - waters

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, plural of ap

ap - water

Note: Always plural in this sense

तथा (tathā) - and, also, thus

(indeclinable)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

भूः (bhūḥ) - earth

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of bhū

bhū - earth, land, ground; being, existence

शब्दः (śabdaḥ) - sound, word

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śabda

śabda - sound, noise, word, speech

स्पर्शः (sparśaḥ) - touch, contact

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of sparśa

sparśa - touch, contact, sensation of touch

√spṛś (to touch) + -a

Root: spṛś (class 6)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रूपम् (rūpam) - form, appearance, color

(noun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of rūpa

rūpa - form, shape, appearance, color, beauty

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

रसः (rasaḥ) - taste, flavor, juice

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of rasa

rasa - taste, flavor, juice, essence, sentiment

गन्धः (gandhaḥ) - smell, odor, fragrance

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of gandha

gandha - smell, odor, fragrance

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तद्गुणाः (tadguṇāḥ) - their qualities

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of tadguṇa

tadguṇa - their quality/qualities, having those qualities

Compound type : ṣaṣṭhī-tatpuruṣa (tad+guṇa)

• tad – that, those
  pronoun (neuter)
• guṇa – quality, attribute, constituent of nature
  noun (masculine)