महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-201, verse-1

मार्कण्डेय उवाच ।
एवमुक्तस्तु विप्रेण धर्मव्याधो युधिष्ठिर ।
प्रत्युवाच यथा विप्रं तच्छृणुष्व नराधिप ॥१॥

1. mārkaṇḍeya uvāca ,
evamuktastu vipreṇa dharmavyādho yudhiṣṭhira ,
pratyuvāca yathā vipraṁ tacchṛṇuṣva narādhipa.

1. mārkaṇḍeyaḥ uvāca evam uktaḥ tu vipreṇa dharmavyādhaḥ
yudhiṣṭhira pratyuvāca yathā vipram tat śṛṇuṣva narādhipa

1. Mārkaṇḍeya said, "O Yudhiṣṭhira, when the Dharma-vyādha was thus addressed by the Brahmin, he replied to the Brahmin. O king (narādhipa), listen to that account."

Words meanings summery:

• मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The narrator of this story to Yudhiṣṭhira. (Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage))

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• एवम् (evam) - Refers to the way the Brahmin questioned the Dharma-vyādha. (thus, in this manner, so)

• उक्तः (uktaḥ) - Refers to the Dharma-vyādha being spoken to. (spoken, said, addressed)

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

• विप्रेण (vipreṇa) - The agent of the action 'uktaḥ' (spoken to). (by the Brahmin)

• धर्मव्याधः (dharmavyādhaḥ) - The main character in this part of the Mahābhārata, who is a hunter but exhibits great virtue. (the Dharma-vyādha (the righteous hunter))

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Mārkaṇḍeya's address to the listener of his narration. (O Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pandava prince))

• प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - The Dharma-vyādha's response to the Brahmin. (replied, answered)

• यथा (yathā) - Introduces how the Dharma-vyādha replied. (as, like, in which way)

• विप्रम् (vipram) - The object of the reply (or implied object if treating yathā adverbially: 'as to the Brahmin he spoke'). (to the Brahmin)

• तत् (tat) - Refers to the reply of the Dharma-vyādha. (that (neuter singular))

• शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - Mārkaṇḍeya instructing Yudhiṣṭhira to listen. (listen (imperative, 2nd person singular))

• नराधिप (narādhipa) - Vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira by Mārkaṇḍeya. (O lord of men, O king)

Words meanings and morphology

मार्कण्डेयः (mārkaṇḍeyaḥ) - The narrator of this story to Yudhiṣṭhira. (Mārkaṇḍeya (name of a sage))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of mārkaṇḍeya

mārkaṇḍeya - Mārkaṇḍeya (proper noun, a revered sage in Hindu traditions)

Descendant of Mṛkaṇḍu.

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Third person singular, Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, from root vac.

Root: vac (class 2)

एवम् (evam) - Refers to the way the Brahmin questioned the Dharma-vyādha. (thus, in this manner, so)

(indeclinable)

Adverb.

उक्तः (uktaḥ) - Refers to the Dharma-vyādha being spoken to. (spoken, said, addressed)

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of ukta

ukta - spoken, said, told, uttered

Past Passive Participle

From root vac (to speak, say) + kta suffix. Masculine nominative singular.

Root: vac (class 2)

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

Particle.

विप्रेण (vipreṇa) - The agent of the action 'uktaḥ' (spoken to). (by the Brahmin)

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, learned man, sage

Derived from root vip (to tremble, to inspire) or from vi-pra (one who goes forth with knowledge).

Root: vip (class 1)

धर्मव्याधः (dharmavyādhaḥ) - The main character in this part of the Mahābhārata, who is a hunter but exhibits great virtue. (the Dharma-vyādha (the righteous hunter))

(proper noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavyādha

dharmavyādha - the righteous hunter (proper noun/epithet)

Karmaṇi Tatpurusha or Bahuvrihi. dharma (righteousness) + vyādha (hunter). A hunter who embodies natural law (dharma).

Compound type : bahuvrihi (dharma+vyādha)

• dharma – natural law, constitution, righteousness, duty
  noun (masculine)
• vyādha – hunter, fowler
  noun (masculine)
  From vi (prefix) + ā + dhā (to place, put). One who lays snares.
  Prefixes: vi+ā
  Root: dhā (class 3)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - Mārkaṇḍeya's address to the listener of his narration. (O Yudhiṣṭhira (name of a Pandava prince))

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (proper noun, the eldest of the Pāṇḍavas)

A Sanskrit compound meaning 'firm in battle' (yudhi + sthira).

Compound type : aluk-tatpurusha (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  From root sthā (to stand).
  Root: sthā (class 1)

Note: The compound is 'yudhi' (locative of yudh) + 'sthira', which is an Aluk Tatpurusha compound, where the case ending of the first member is not dropped.

प्रत्युवाच (pratyuvāca) - The Dharma-vyādha's response to the Brahmin. (replied, answered)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, past perfect (Lit) of prati-vac

Perfect Active Indicative

Third person singular, Perfect tense, Parasmaipada, from root vac with prefix prati.

Prefix: prati

Root: vac (class 2)

यथा (yathā) - Introduces how the Dharma-vyādha replied. (as, like, in which way)

(indeclinable)

Adverb/conjunction.

विप्रम् (vipram) - The object of the reply (or implied object if treating yathā adverbially: 'as to the Brahmin he spoke'). (to the Brahmin)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of vipra

vipra - Brahmin, learned man, sage

तत् (tat) - Refers to the reply of the Dharma-vyādha. (that (neuter singular))

(pronoun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tad

tad - that, those (demonstrative pronoun)

Demonstrative pronoun, neuter gender, nominative/accusative singular.

शृणुष्व (śṛṇuṣva) - Mārkaṇḍeya instructing Yudhiṣṭhira to listen. (listen (imperative, 2nd person singular))

(verb)

2nd person , singular, middle, imperative (Lot) of śru

Present Middle Imperative

Second person singular, Present tense, Middle voice, Imperative mood, from root śru (class 5).

Root: śru (class 5)

नराधिप (narādhipa) - Vocative address to Yudhiṣṭhira by Mārkaṇḍeya. (O lord of men, O king)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of narādhipa

narādhipa - lord of men, king, ruler

Tatpurusha compound: nara (man) + adhipa (lord, ruler).

Compound type : tatpurusha (nara+adhipa)

• nara – man, human being
  noun (masculine)
• adhipa – lord, ruler, master
  noun (masculine)
  From adhi (upon, over) + pā (to protect, rule).
  Prefix: adhi
  Root: pā (class 2)