महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-201, verse-13

व्याध उवाच ।
ब्राह्मणा वै महाभागाः पितरोऽग्रभुजः सदा ।
तेषां सर्वात्मना कार्यं प्रियं लोके मनीषिणा ॥१३॥

13. vyādha uvāca ,
brāhmaṇā vai mahābhāgāḥ pitaro'grabhujaḥ sadā ,
teṣāṁ sarvātmanā kāryaṁ priyaṁ loke manīṣiṇā.

13. vyādhaḥ uvāca brāhmaṇāḥ vai mahābhāgāḥ pitaraḥ agrabhujaḥ
sadā teṣām sarvātmanā kāryam priyam loke manīṣiṇā

13. The Hunter said: "Indeed, Brahmins are exceedingly blessed, like forefathers, always partaking first of offerings. Therefore, wise people in this world should, with all their heart, do what is pleasing to them."

Words meanings summery:

• व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - hunter, fowler

• उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

• ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

• वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

• महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - greatly fortunate, highly esteemed, blessed

• पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers, ancestors, forefathers

• अग्रभुजः (agrabhujaḥ) - those who eat first, those who have the first share

• सदा (sadā) - always, ever

• तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

• सर्वात्मना (sarvātmanā) - with the whole self, wholeheartedly, entirely

• कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be done, ought to be done, duty, action

• प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing, dear, beloved

• लोके (loke) - in the world, in this world

• मनीषिणा (manīṣiṇā) - by the wise, by intelligent people

Words meanings and morphology

व्याधः (vyādhaḥ) - hunter, fowler

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of vyādha

vyādha - hunter, fowler

Prefix: vi

Root: ādh (class 1)

उवाच (uvāca) - said, spoke

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, perfect (lit) of vac

Perfect tense, 3rd person singular, active voice.

Root: vac (class 2)

Note: Root vac 'to speak'.

ब्राह्मणाः (brāhmaṇāḥ) - Brahmins, members of the priestly class

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of brāhmaṇa

brāhmaṇa - a Brahmin, a priest, one related to Brahman (brahman)

Note: Plural form of 'brāhmaṇa'.

वै (vai) - indeed, verily, surely

(indeclinable)

Note: An emphatic particle.

महाभागाः (mahābhāgāḥ) - greatly fortunate, highly esteemed, blessed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of mahābhāga

mahābhāga - greatly fortunate, noble, highly esteemed

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (mahat+bhāga)

• mahat – great, large, mighty
  adjective
• bhāga – share, fortune, destiny
  noun (masculine)
  Root: bhaj (class 1)

Note: Bahuvrīhi compound, meaning 'having a great share/fortune'.

पितरः (pitaraḥ) - fathers, ancestors, forefathers

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, plural of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor, forefather

Note: The Brahmins are compared to ancestors, who are worthy of respect and receiving offerings first.

अग्रभुजः (agrabhujaḥ) - those who eat first, those who have the first share

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, plural of agrabhuja

agrabhuja - eating first, having the first share (especially of sacrificial offerings)

Compound type : upapada tatpuruṣa (agra+bhuj)

• agra – first, foremost, chief, tip
  noun (neuter)
• bhuj – to eat, to enjoy, to possess
  verb (masculine)
  Agent Noun Suffix (k-suffix)
  Derived from root bhuj (to eat).
  Root: bhuj (class 7)

Note: Compound qualifying 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

सदा (sadā) - always, ever

(indeclinable)

तेषाम् (teṣām) - of them, to them

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, plural of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to 'brāhmaṇāḥ'.

सर्वात्मना (sarvātmanā) - with the whole self, wholeheartedly, entirely

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of sarvātman

sarvātman - the whole self, universal soul, the supreme self (ātman)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sarva+ātman)

• sarva – all, every, whole
  pronoun
• ātman – self, soul, spirit (ātman)
  noun (masculine)

Note: Adverbial usage meaning 'with all one's self/heart'.

कार्यम् (kāryam) - should be done, ought to be done, duty, action

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of kārya

kārya - to be done, duty, action, object, purpose

Gerundive/Future Passive Participle

Derived from root kṛ (to do) with suffix -ya.

Root: kṛ (class 8)

Note: Gerundive of root kṛ 'to do'.

प्रियम् (priyam) - pleasing, dear, beloved

(adjective)

Nominative, neuter, singular of priya

priya - dear, beloved, pleasing, agreeable

Root: prī (class 9)

Note: Agrees with 'kāryam'.

लोके (loke) - in the world, in this world

(noun)

Locative, masculine, singular of loka

loka - world, universe, people

Root: lok (class 1)

मनीषिणा (manīṣiṇā) - by the wise, by intelligent people

(noun)

Instrumental, masculine, singular of manīṣin

manīṣin - wise, intelligent, discerning person

Root: man (class 4)

Note: Agent of the gerundive 'kāryam'.