महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-201, verse-11

यस्त्वेतान्प्रज्ञया दोषान्पूर्वमेवानुपश्यति ।
कुशलः सुखदुःखेषु साधूंश्चाप्युपसेवते ।
तस्य साधुसमारम्भाद्बुद्धिर्धर्मेषु जायते ॥११॥

11. yastvetānprajñayā doṣānpūrvamevānupaśyati ,
kuśalaḥ sukhaduḥkheṣu sādhūṁścāpyupasevate ,
tasya sādhusamārambhādbuddhirdharmeṣu jāyate.

11. yaḥ tu etān prajñayā doṣān pūrvam
eva anupaśyati kuśalaḥ sukhaduḥkheṣu
sādhūn ca api upasevate tasya
sādhusamārambhāt buddhiḥ dharmeṣu jāyate

11. But he who perceives these faults in advance through intelligence (prajñā), who is skillful in dealing with joys and sorrows, and who also serves righteous people (sādhus) – for him, intelligence (buddhi) concerning his natural law (dharma) arises from the good endeavors of the righteous.

Words meanings summery:

• यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

• तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

• एतान् (etān) - these

• प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom, by intelligence, by discernment

• दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, errors

• पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before, formerly, previously

• एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

• अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - perceives, sees, observes

• कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful, expert, proficient

• सुखदुःखेषु (sukhaduḥkheṣu) - in joys and sorrows, in happiness and misery

• साधून् (sādhūn) - good people, righteous ones, holy persons

• च (ca) - and, also

• अपि (api) - also, even, too

• उपसेवते (upasevate) - serves, worships, attends to

• तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

• साधुसमारम्भात् (sādhusamārambhāt) - from the good endeavors/undertakings of the righteous, from association with sādhus

• बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence, intellect, understanding

• धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in matters of dharma, in duties, in righteousness

• जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being

Words meanings and morphology

यः (yaḥ) - who, which, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - which, who, what

तु (tu) - but, indeed, however

(indeclinable)

एतान् (etān) - these

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of etad

etad - this, these

प्रज्ञया (prajñayā) - by wisdom, by intelligence, by discernment

(noun)

Instrumental, feminine, singular of prajñā

prajñā - wisdom, intelligence, discernment (prajñā)

Prefix: pra

Root: jñā (class 9)

दोषान् (doṣān) - faults, defects, errors

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of doṣa

doṣa - fault, defect, error, sin

Root: duṣ (class 4)

पूर्वम् (pūrvam) - before, formerly, previously

(indeclinable)

Note: Adverbial usage of neuter accusative singular of pūrva.

एव (eva) - indeed, only, certainly

(indeclinable)

अनुपश्यति (anupaśyati) - perceives, sees, observes

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of anupaś

Prefix: anu

Root: dṛś (class 1)

Note: From root dṛś (to see) with prefix anu.

कुशलः (kuśalaḥ) - skillful, expert, proficient

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of kuśala

kuśala - skillful, expert, auspicious, well-being

Note: Qualifies the implicit subject 'he who' (yaḥ).

सुखदुःखेषु (sukhaduḥkheṣu) - in joys and sorrows, in happiness and misery

(noun)

Locative, neuter, plural of sukhaduḥkha

sukhaduḥkha - happiness and sorrow, pleasure and pain

Compound type : dvandva (sukha+duḥkha)

• sukha – happiness, joy, pleasure
  noun (neuter)
• duḥkha – sorrow, pain, misery
  noun (neuter)

Note: A dvandva compound.

साधून् (sādhūn) - good people, righteous ones, holy persons

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, plural of sādhu

sādhu - good, righteous, virtuous person, sage, holy man

Root: sādh (class 5)

Note: From root sādh, 'to accomplish, to perfect'.

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अपि (api) - also, even, too

(indeclinable)

उपसेवते (upasevate) - serves, worships, attends to

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of upasev

Prefix: upa

Root: sev (class 1)

Note: From root sev (to serve) with prefix upa.

तस्य (tasya) - of him, his

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to 'yaḥ' (he who).

साधुसमारम्भात् (sādhusamārambhāt) - from the good endeavors/undertakings of the righteous, from association with sādhus

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of sādhusamārambha

sādhusamārambha - the good undertaking of the righteous, initiation by good people

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (sādhu+samārambha)

• sādhu – good, righteous, virtuous person
  noun (masculine)
  Root: sādh (class 5)
• samārambha – undertaking, commencement, enterprise
  noun (masculine)
  Prefixes: sam+ā
  Root: rabh (class 1)

Note: A tatpuruṣa compound (genitive tatpuruṣa: 'of the sādhus, the undertakings').

बुद्धिः (buddhiḥ) - intelligence, intellect, understanding

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of buddhi

buddhi - intellect, understanding, perception, intelligence (buddhi)

Root: budh (class 1)

Note: From root budh, 'to know, to awaken'.

धर्मेषु (dharmeṣu) - in matters of dharma, in duties, in righteousness

(noun)

Locative, masculine, plural of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, natural law (dharma)

Root: dhṛ (class 1)

जायते (jāyate) - is born, arises, comes into being

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, present (laṭ) of jan

Root: jan (class 4)

Note: It is derived from the root `jan` (to be born, to produce), often appearing in the middle voice with a passive sense.