महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-196, verse-21

एतत्प्रकरणं राजन्नधिकृत्य युधिष्ठिर ।
प्रतिव्रतानां नियतं धर्मं चावहितः शृणु ॥२१॥

21. etatprakaraṇaṁ rājannadhikṛtya yudhiṣṭhira ,
prativratānāṁ niyataṁ dharmaṁ cāvahitaḥ śṛṇu.

21. etat prakaraṇam rājan adhikṛtya yudhiṣṭhira
pativratānām niyatam dharmam ca avahitaḥ śṛṇu

21. O King Yudhiṣṭhira, focusing your attention, listen to this matter concerning the prescribed natural law (dharma) of faithful wives.

21. הו מלך יוּדְהִישְׁתְהִירַה, בהקשר לנושא הזה, הקשב בתשומת לב לדרך היושר הקבועה של הנשים הנאמנות לבעליהן.

Words meanings summery:

• एतत् (etat) - this, this one

• प्रकरणम् (prakaraṇam) - this matter/topic (topic, subject, chapter, treatise)

• राजन् (rājan) - O king

• अधिकृत्य (adhikṛtya) - having taken up, concerning, with reference to, having made the subject of

• युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

• पतिव्रतानाम् (pativratānām) - of faithful wives, of devoted women

• नियतम् (niyatam) - fixed, prescribed, constant, regulated

• धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (righteousness, duty, natural law, virtue, constitution)

• च (ca) - and, also

• अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentive, focused, absorbed

• शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

Words meanings and morphology

एतत् (etat) - this, this one

(pronoun)

Nominative, neuter, singular of etad

etad - this, this one

प्रकरणम् (prakaraṇam) - this matter/topic (topic, subject, chapter, treatise)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of prakaraṇa

prakaraṇa - topic, subject, chapter, treatise, context, occasion

Root kṛ (to do) with pra (prefix) and suffix -aṇa

Prefix: pra

Root: kṛ (class 8)

राजन् (rājan) - O king

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājan

rājan - king, ruler

अधिकृत्य (adhikṛtya) - having taken up, concerning, with reference to, having made the subject of

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root kṛ (to do) with prefix adhi, absolutive suffix -tya

Prefix: adhi

Root: kṛ (class 8)

युधिष्ठिर (yudhiṣṭhira) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (proper name)

(proper noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of yudhiṣṭhira

yudhiṣṭhira - Yudhiṣṭhira (name of the eldest Pāṇḍava, meaning 'steady in battle')

Compound of yudhi (in battle) and sthira (firm)

Compound type : aluk tatpuruṣa (yudh+sthira)

• yudh – battle, fight
  noun (feminine)
• sthira – firm, steady, stable
  adjective (masculine)
  Root sthā (to stand)
  Root: sthā

पतिव्रतानाम् (pativratānām) - of faithful wives, of devoted women

(noun)

Genitive, feminine, plural of pativratā

pativratā - a faithful wife, a woman devoted to her husband

Compound of pati (husband) and vratā (vow, observance)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (pati+vrata)

• pati – husband, lord, master
  noun (masculine)
• vrata – vow, sacred observance, religious duty
  noun (neuter)

नियतम् (niyatam) - fixed, prescribed, constant, regulated

(adjective)

Accusative, masculine, singular of niyata

niyata - fixed, prescribed, regulated, restrained, constant

Past Passive Participle

Root yam (to restrain) with prefix ni, past passive participle

Prefix: ni

Root: yam (class 1)

Note: Agrees with dharmam.

धर्मम् (dharmam) - natural law (dharma) (righteousness, duty, natural law, virtue, constitution)

(noun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, religion, constitution, intrinsic nature

Root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

अवहितः (avahitaḥ) - attentive, focused, absorbed

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of avahita

avahita - attentive, focused, absorbed, careful

Past Passive Participle

Root dhā (to place) with prefix ava, past passive participle

Prefix: ava

Root: dhā (class 3)

शृणु (śṛṇu) - listen, hear

(verb)

2nd person , singular, active, imperative (loṭ) of śru

Imperative Mood

root śru, 5th class, Parasmaipada, 2nd person singular, imperative mood

Root: śru (class 5)

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