महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-196, verse-19

तयोराशां तु सफलां यः करोति स धर्मवित् ।
पिता माता च राजेन्द्र तुष्यतो यस्य नित्यदा ।
इह प्रेत्य च तस्याथ कीर्तिर्धर्मश्च शाश्वतः ॥१९॥

19. tayorāśāṁ tu saphalāṁ yaḥ karoti sa dharmavit ,
pitā mātā ca rājendra tuṣyato yasya nityadā ,
iha pretya ca tasyātha kīrtirdharmaśca śāśvataḥ.

19. tayoḥ āśām tu saphalām yaḥ karoti saḥ
dharmavit pitā mātā ca rājendra
tuṣyataḥ yasya nityadā iha pretya ca
tasya atha kīrtiḥ dharmaḥ ca śāśvataḥ

19. O king of kings, he who fulfills the hopes of those (parents) is a knower of natural law (dharma). When a father and mother are perpetually pleased with him, his fame and adherence to natural law (dharma) become eternal, both in this world and in the next.

Words meanings summery:

• तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them, of both

• आशाम् (āśām) - hope, expectation, desire

• तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, on the other hand

• सफलाम् (saphalām) - fruitful, successful, effective

• यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

• करोति (karoti) - does, makes, performs

• सः (saḥ) - he, that

• धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma, righteous

• पिता (pitā) - father

• माता (mātā) - mother

• च (ca) - and, also

• राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

• तुष्यतः (tuṣyataḥ) - are pleased, are satisfied

• यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

• नित्यदा (nityadā) - always, constantly, perpetually

• इह (iha) - here, in this world, at this time

• प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having passed away, in the next world

• च (ca) - and, also

• तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

• अथ (atha) - then, and, moreover, now

• कीर्तिः (kīrtiḥ) - fame, renown, glory

• धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - adherence to natural law (dharma) (righteousness, duty, natural law)

• च (ca) - and, also

• शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal, perpetual, everlasting

Words meanings and morphology

तयोः (tayoḥ) - of them, of both

(pronoun)

Genitive, dual of tad

tad - that, those

Note: Refers to the father and mother mentioned in the previous verse.

आशाम् (āśām) - hope, expectation, desire

(noun)

Accusative, feminine, singular of āśā

āśā - hope, expectation, desire, direction

root aś (to reach) with prefix ā

Prefix: ā

Root: aś

तु (tu) - but, however, indeed, on the other hand

(indeclinable)

सफलाम् (saphalām) - fruitful, successful, effective

(adjective)

Accusative, feminine, singular of saphala

saphala - fruitful, successful, effective, productive

Compound of sa (with) and phala (fruit)

Compound type : bahuvrīhi (sa+phala)

• sa – with, together with
  indeclinable
• phala – fruit, result, reward
  noun (neuter)

Note: Agrees with āśām.

यः (yaḥ) - who, he who

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Relative pronoun.

करोति (karoti) - does, makes, performs

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, present (laṭ) of kṛ

Present Tense

root kṛ, Parasmaipada, 3rd person singular, present indicative

Root: kṛ (class 8)

सः (saḥ) - he, that

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Correlative pronoun to yaḥ.

धर्मवित् (dharmavit) - knower of dharma, righteous

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharmavid

dharmavid - knower of natural law (dharma), one who knows his duty

Compound of dharma (natural law) and vid (knowing)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (dharma+vid)

• dharma – righteousness, duty, natural law
  noun (masculine)
  Root dhṛ (to uphold, support)
  Root: dhṛ
• vid – knowing, wise, learned
  noun (masculine)
  Agent noun
  Root vid (to know)
  Root: vid

पिता (pitā) - father

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of pitṛ

pitṛ - father, ancestor

माता (mātā) - mother

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of mātṛ

mātṛ - mother

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

राजेन्द्र (rājendra) - O Yudhiṣṭhira (O king of kings, O chief of kings)

(noun)

Vocative, masculine, singular of rājendra

rājendra - chief of kings, king of kings, supreme ruler

Compound of rājan (king) and indra (chief)

Compound type : tatpuruṣa (rājan+indra)

• rājan – king, ruler
  noun (masculine)
• indra – chief, lord, Indra (deity)
  noun (masculine)

तुष्यतः (tuṣyataḥ) - are pleased, are satisfied

(verb)

3rd person , dual, active, present (laṭ) of tuṣ

Present Tense

root tuṣ, 4th class, Ātmanepada, 3rd person dual, present indicative

Root: tuṣ (class 4)

यस्य (yasya) - whose, of whom

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of yad

yad - who, which, what, that

Note: Refers to the person who makes parents' hopes fruitful.

नित्यदा (nityadā) - always, constantly, perpetually

(indeclinable)

Derived from nitya (constant) + dā (suffix meaning 'at all times')

इह (iha) - here, in this world, at this time

(indeclinable)

प्रेत्य (pretya) - after death, having passed away, in the next world

(indeclinable)

Absolutive (Gerund)

Root i (to go) with prefix pra, absolutive suffix -tya

Prefix: pra

Root: i (class 2)

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

तस्य (tasya) - his, of him

(pronoun)

Genitive, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

Note: Refers to the person who makes parents' hopes fruitful.

अथ (atha) - then, and, moreover, now

(indeclinable)

कीर्तिः (kīrtiḥ) - fame, renown, glory

(noun)

Nominative, feminine, singular of kīrti

kīrti - fame, renown, glory, praise, reputation

Root: kṛt

धर्मः (dharmaḥ) - adherence to natural law (dharma) (righteousness, duty, natural law)

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of dharma

dharma - righteousness, duty, law, virtue, religion, constitution, intrinsic nature

Root dhṛ (to uphold, support)

Root: dhṛ

च (ca) - and, also

(indeclinable)

शाश्वतः (śāśvataḥ) - eternal, perpetual, everlasting

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of śāśvata

śāśvata - eternal, perpetual, everlasting, constant

Derived from śaśvat (always)

Note: Predicative adjective, grammatically agreeing with the masculine 'dharmaḥ'.