महाभारतः mahābhārataḥ - book-3, chapter-136, verse-4

स पुत्रशोकादुद्विग्नस्तपस्तेपे सुदुश्चरम् ।
भवेन्मम सुतोऽमर्त्य इति तं लब्धवांश्च सः ॥४॥

4. sa putraśokādudvignastapastepe suduścaram ,
bhavenmama suto'martya iti taṁ labdhavāṁśca saḥ.

4. saḥ putraśokāt udvignaḥ tapaḥ tepe sudurcaram
bhavet mama sutaḥ amartyaḥ iti tam labdhavān ca saḥ

4. Distressed by the grief for his son, he performed extremely arduous asceticism (tapas). He obtained his wish, 'May my son be immortal,' and thus he got that (immortal) son.

Words meanings summery:

• सः (saḥ) - He (the sage Bāladhi) (he, that)

• पुत्रशोकात् (putraśokāt) - from the grief of a son, due to son's grief

• उद्विग्नः (udvignaḥ) - distressed, agitated, worried

• तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas) (penance, asceticism, heat)

• तेपे (tepe) - performed (penance) (performed, underwent, heated himself)

• सुदुर्चरम् (sudurcaram) - very difficult to perform, extremely arduous

• भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, let it be, should be

• मम (mama) - my, of me

• सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

• अमर्त्यः (amartyaḥ) - immortal, not mortal

• इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

• तम् (tam) - that (immortal son) (him, that)

• लब्धवान् (labdhavān) - obtained, gained

• च (ca) - and

• सः (saḥ) - He (the sage Bāladhi) (he, that (person))

Words meanings and morphology

सः (saḥ) - He (the sage Bāladhi) (he, that)

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

पुत्रशोकात् (putraśokāt) - from the grief of a son, due to son's grief

(noun)

Ablative, masculine, singular of putraśoka

putraśoka - grief for a son

Compound type : tatpurusha (putra+śoka)

• putra – son, child
  noun (masculine)
• śoka – grief, sorrow, lamentation
  noun (masculine)
  Root: śuc (class 1)

उद्विग्नः (udvignaḥ) - distressed, agitated, worried

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of udvigna

udvigna - agitated, distressed, anxious, worried

Past Passive Participle

from root vij- (class 6) with prefix ud-

Prefix: ud

Root: vij (class 6)

तपः (tapaḥ) - asceticism (tapas) (penance, asceticism, heat)

(noun)

Accusative, neuter, singular of tapas

tapas - heat, asceticism, penance, spiritual austerity

Root: tap (class 1)

तेपे (tepe) - performed (penance) (performed, underwent, heated himself)

(verb)

3rd person , singular, middle, past perfect (lit) of tap

Perfect Middle

from root tap- (class 1)

Root: tap (class 1)

सुदुर्चरम् (sudurcaram) - very difficult to perform, extremely arduous

(adjective)

Accusative, neuter, singular of sudurcara

sudurcara - very difficult to perform, extremely arduous

Compound type : karmadhāraya (su+durcara)

• su – good, well, very (prefix)
  indeclinable
• durcara – difficult to perform
  adjective (neuter)
  from root car- with prefix dur-
  Prefix: dur
  Root: car (class 1)

भवेत् (bhavet) - may be, let it be, should be

(verb)

3rd person , singular, active, optative (liṅ) of bhū

Optative Active

from root bhū- (class 1)

Root: bhū (class 1)

मम (mama) - my, of me

(pronoun)

Genitive, singular of aham

aham - I, me

सुतः (sutaḥ) - son

(noun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of suta

suta - son, child

Past Passive Participle (loosely)

from root sū- (to beget)

Root: sū (class 2)

अमर्त्यः (amartyaḥ) - immortal, not mortal

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of amartya

amartya - immortal, deathless, divine

negated form of martya (mortal)

Compound type : nañ-tatpurusha (a+martya)

• a – not, un- (negating prefix)
  indeclinable
• martya – mortal, human
  adjective (masculine)

इति (iti) - thus, so (quotation marker)

(indeclinable)

तम् (tam) - that (immortal son) (him, that)

(pronoun)

Accusative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it

लब्धवान् (labdhavān) - obtained, gained

(adjective)

Nominative, masculine, singular of labdhavat

labdhavat - one who has obtained, obtained

Past Active Participle

from root labh- (class 1) with suffix -vat

Root: labh (class 1)

च (ca) - and

(indeclinable)

सः (saḥ) - He (the sage Bāladhi) (he, that (person))

(pronoun)

Nominative, masculine, singular of tad

tad - that, he, she, it